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Community Dental Health > exam 2 study guide > Flashcards

exam 2 study guide Flashcards

1
Q

also referred to as process evaluation- this occurs during the implementation process

A

formative evaluation

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2
Q

also referred to as outcome evaluation and occurs after the intervention

A

summative evaluation

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3
Q

what is the best time to do a program evaluation?

A

during the development phase and prior to any implementation

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4
Q

the intervention in disease before it occurs

A

primary prevention

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5
Q

what does primary preventive interventions include?

A

community water fluoridation, fluoride varnish, pit and fissure sealants and preventive education

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6
Q

the treatment or control of disease early in the process

A

secondary prevention

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7
Q

what are examples of secondary prevention?

A

conservative amalgam restoration, remineralization of early caries, and conservative periodontal therapy

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8
Q

limiting the disability from a disease, or rehabilitation of an individual

A

tertirary prevention

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9
Q

examples of a teritary prevention

A

dentures or other prosthetic dental devices and perio surgery

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10
Q

this level effects the individual

A

micro level

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11
Q

Why is fluoridation considered a model for oral health promotion?

A

it is safe, effective and socially equitable

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12
Q

Most disparities in oral health fall along the lines of?

A

age
race/ethnicity
gender
socioeconomic position

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13
Q

the primary goal of any oral health program should be…

A

empower people to attain equity in health

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14
Q

what three options to community water fluoridation that provides systemic fluoride?

A

fluoride varnish, salt fluoridation and fluoride tablets

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15
Q

who benefits from community water fluoridation?

A

all children younger than 18

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16
Q

social factors operating on a micro level include…

A

age

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17
Q

what are four preventable oral diseases?

A

dental caries
disease of supporting structures
oral pharyngeal cancers
craniofacial injuries

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18
Q

the main goal of any health program?

A

to empower people to attain equity in health and reduce incidence and prevalence of oral disease through education and interventions

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19
Q

why is an educational program not as effective as a health program promotion?

A

because educators should be calibrated

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20
Q

why is it important for oral health professionals to understand risk factors for disease, health behaviors, determinants, and disparities in oral health?

A

so they can indenting a target audience and design a program specifically for that audience

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21
Q

what are health determinants and risk factors that impact health?

A

genetic constitution
individual and group behavior
social and physical environment
policy and interventions

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22
Q

who combined a large body of research related to human motivation in his conceptualization of a hierarchical arrangement of needs as motivating factors?

A

abraham H maslow

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23
Q

according to maslow, a well organizers environment, economic self sufficiency, familiar surroundings, tasks and activities are

A

security and safety needs

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24
Q

also known as the decision making continuum and is based on the concept that people learn in a linear serious of sequential steps

A

learning ladder

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25
Q

what is the sequence of learning ladder steps from lowe’s to highest?

A 
unawareness
awareness
interest 
involvement
action
habitat
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26
Q

the way one processes inormation, feels and behaves in learning situations or how the person learns

A

learning style

27
Q

what are the reasons for conducting a needs assessment

A

identifying the extent and severity of a need

assessing the cause of a problem

determining the resources needed for a program

establishing priorities

28
Q

an example of an indirect program activity

A

repairing equipment

29
Q

behind the scenes activities and required to carry out the intervention

A

indirect activities

30
Q

steps directly involved in the delivery of the intervention

A

direct activities

31
Q

data collected specifically for use in a program are referred to a

A

primary data

32
Q

data that are already available

A

secondary data

33
Q

then needs assessment phase includes…

A

the collection, analysis and interpretation of information and foundation for effective program planning and successful program development

34
Q

method of confirming the survey is usable, to determine if people interpret questions as intended and to make sure that given answers include all possibilities

A

pilot test

35
Q

a well organized, written guide for presenting a specific block of instruction- an outline of the content to be presented that also specified the procedures to follow during presentation

A

lesson plan

36
Q

another name for educational plan?

A

lesson plan

37
Q

specific statements that describe what the learner is expected to be able to do, know or think differently about once the lessons content has been presented and mastered

A

instructional objectives

38
Q

three basic components of a presentation structure

A

instructional set, content body and closure

39
Q

who should be involved in the evaluation process?

A

stakeholders, community and organization decision makers, sponsors, dental health professionals, and targeted end users

40
Q

when should the evaluation methods be determined?

A

during the development of the program

41
Q

what is the most appropriate basis for evaluating an intervention?

A

the goals and objectives of the program

42
Q

what is the first step in program planning?

A

form an advisory group

43
Q

Intervention / most effective interventions?

A

interventions should be science based and proven appropriate for individuals and communities. health promoting interventions are most effective if they strategically predict, plan, and prevent potential crsis rather than react to problems.. a proactive approach

44
Q

how to determine if a program fails or succeeds?

A

through program evaluation… the results of the interventions are measured against the program objectives

45
Q

graduated numerical scale with upper and lower limits that allows for the measurement of disease severity rather than just disease incidence or prevalence

A

indices

46
Q

what are examples of a common indice?

A

dmft and dmfs

the traditional method for measuring caries both present and past on the coronal surface of the permanent dentition

47
Q

what does dmft stand for?

A

decayed missing filled teeth (0-28)

48
Q

what does dmfs stand for?

A

decayed missing filled surfaces (0-128)

49
Q

what are focus groups useful for?

A

collecting data information on community needs and attitudes and norms

50
Q

what are the three levels of focus?

A

intrapersonal, interpersonal and community

51
Q

this level of focus is an individual approach

A

intrapersonal focus

52
Q

this level of focus is social networks

A

interpersonal focus

53
Q

this level of focus impacts social, cultural and political agencies

A

community focus

54
Q

what is the primary mode of action?

A

topical, in that it promotes remineralization and inhibits demineralization by continually bathing the teeth in saliva with low concentrations of fluoride

55
Q

the most significant benefit of water fluoridation

A

acts as topical, and systemic agent as well as antimicrobial activity

56
Q

all of the following are required for effective program planning except: a. sufficient time and resources, b. prompt reaction to a crisis, c. community recognition, d. behavioral, cultural and environmental and political influences addressed, e. community input and ownership

A

prompt reaction to a crisis

57
Q

compiling the primary and secondary information gives a picture of the….

A

community’s profile

58
Q

what are the 4 p’s in marketing

A

price
product
place
promotion

59
Q

this theory is concerned with an individuals readiness to adopt a behavioral change for a healthier life… views behavior as a process rather than an event, with people at varying levels of motivation or readiness to change

A

stages of change model

60
Q

what are the major stages of the change model?

A

precontemplation: unaware of the health problem without any thought of change
contemplation: aware of a problem and thinking about possibility of making change
preparation: making plan for change
action: practicing the behavior
maintenance: continuing desired health action
relapse: resumption of old behaviors

61
Q

true or false:

trialability affects the acceptance and adoption of a new product idea or innovation

A

true

62
Q

when is learning most effective?

A

when many channels of information or senses are stimulated and learners are actively involved

63
Q

how might a person from a different culture convey the important of what they want to say?

A

behavior formally in interactions with people who were born in another culture

pay careful attention to nonverbal communication and styles- body language and eye contact

do not make assumptions

Community Dental Health (5 decks)

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