Exam 1 Flashcards
what barriers are faced when accessing oral health care?
structural, cultural, financial, personal
Who defines health as fulfilling society’s interest in assuring conditions in which people can be health?
Institute of Medicine (IOM)
What organization defines health as the following?
Health is a state of complete, physical, mental, and social well being and is not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
the WHO
determine the cost effectiveness of a community dental program is most similar to what element of the individual patient process
evaluating the effectiveness of the treatment
ten great public health achievements of the 20th century
vaccination
motor vehicle safety
workplace safet
infectious disease control
reduction in death from heart disease and stroke
safer and healthier food
healthier mothers and babies
family planning
fluoridated drinking water
recognition of tobacco use as a health hazard
state, county and local opportunities in DPH
WIC- educator and advocate
medicaid- educator, advocate, administrator/man
maternal and child health program- advocate, educator
state bureau of prisons- clinician, educator, advocate, administrator / manager
what is the children’s health insurance program? (CHIP)
jointly funded federal state program that provides health insurance coverage for children up to age 19 whose families do not qualify for medicaid and are 2x that if federal povert level
this group has never paid for oral health services
medicare
all of the following are required for effective program planning EXCEPT:
a. sufficient time and resources
b. prompt reaction to a crisis
c. community recognition of a need
d. behavioral, cultural, environmental and political influences addressed
e. community input and ownership
B. Prompt reaction to a crisis
this is counseling families about their child’s current oral health status and what to expect in the different development stages
anticipatory guidance
what provides a framework for public health practitioners?
assess the oral health needs of the community and quality and availability of resources and services
provide screening referral and educational services that allow patients and clients to access the resources of health care systems
provide community oral health services in a variety of settings
facilitate patient and client access to oral health services by influencing individuals and or organizations for the provision of oral health care
evaluate reimbursement mechanisms and their impact on the patients or clients access to oral health care
evaluate the outcomes or community based programs and plan for future activists
This is one of the 9 specialties in dentistry and it is recognized by the ADA
Dental Public Health
which organization has developed competency statements specifically for the newly graduated dental hygienist?
american dental education association
the best time to get a community input when developing dental public health program is
during the needs assessment
how many countries worldwide use dental therapists or dental nurse providers to provide health care?
50
in public health, even in a clinical setting, how is the patient treated?
the care decisions for that person are impacted by the larger community and the setting in which the patient is treated along with the financial part of it
the controlled clinical trials of sTer fluoridated began in:
1945
who controlled clinical trials of water fluoridation?
National Institute of dental craniofacial research (NIDCR)
in 1945 in grand rapids Michigan and newburgh NY
All of the following groups have limited access to oral health care EXCEPT
minorities, poor children, ritual residents, people of low socioeconomic position
**working professionals
which of the following is an accurate representation of a current dental public health workforce issue?
ethnic representation in the dental public health workforce does not mirror representation in the population served by the public health programs**
too many graduates are applying for dental public health advanced education programs
salaries for dental public health positions are not much different than salaries in private dental or dental hygiene practice
currently there are many options for dental hygienists to pursue advanced education or credentialing in dental public health
structural barriers to oral health include:
the number, type and distribution of health care providers
how is health defined by webster?
a physical and mental well being; freedom from disease
the department of health and human services launched what?
healthy people 2020
this is jointly funded by federal and state for certain low income and needy people. oral health service for children are mandatory
medicaid
this phase continued progression in technology allowed further treatment of disease thru increasingly complex medical treatments. this occurred a lot in hospital settings instead of community based aspects
phase 3 (1930-1975)
in what roles might a public health dental hygienist participate in professionally
educator, administrators m, advocate and researcher
the most important consideration when creative effective public health programs is to:
get the community’s input prior to planning programs
alternative models for health care delivery:
have been successful world wide
indicate nondentist providers quality care
indicate nondentist providers are less expensive to educate
indicate that nondentist providers can provide care without supervision
in this phase- public health related to elimination and control of diseases that grew out of rapid industrialization (industrial development) and crowded and poor living conditions
phase 1 (1849-1900)
what does the dental public health role require skills in?
assessing and diagnosing community oral health needs
planning and implementing
evaluating community based oral health programs
providing educational services
applying research
use of epidemiology
inventing programs
advocating
understanding the organization of health care
Who defined health as the science and art preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting physical health and efficiency through organized community efforts?
Winslow in 1920
In private practice, how is treatment based?
when the patient is in the dental chair, he or she is based on individual needs
this is a comprehensive nationwide health promotion and disease prevention plan
healthy people
what groups have the poorest oral health of racial and ethnic groups in the US?
non hispanic blacks, hispanics, american indians and alaska natives
how does the ADHA describe the role of a hygienist?
advocate
educator
clinician
researcher
and administrator or manager
these barriers are related to the number, type, concentration, location or organizational configuration of health care providers
structural barriers
What is the definition of dental public health by the American Board of Dental Public Health? (ABDPH)
the science and art of preventing and controlling dental diseases and promoting dental health through organized community efforts. it is that form of dental practice that serves the community as a patient rather than the individual. it is concerned with dental health education of the public, with applied dental research and with the administration of group dental care programs, as well as the prevention and control of dental disease on a community basis.
assessment of risk factor and protective factors for dental caries, perio disease, malocclusion, and oral injury
risk assessment
all of the following trends may increase access to care EXCEPT:
tele-dentistry
mobile and portable dentistry
dental expansion of community health center
more restrictive dental and dental hygiene state practice acts**
volunteerism
other than private practice, what are other dental options for people? especially those with low income
safety net dental clinics
mobile and portable dental services
tele dentistry
these types of barriers limit access because of a patients inability to pay for a service or providers who choose not to provide care for those with limited finances
financial barriers
The surgeons generals report, a national call to action to promote oral health covers five actions. which of the following is NOT one of the actions?
change public perceptions of oral health
increase oral health workforce diversity, capacity and flexibility
build the science base and accelerate science transfer
overcome barriers by replicating effective programs and proven efforts
promote more disciplinary rather than interdisciplinary collaborations**
what is the most distinctive different between public health and private practice?
the concept of the community as a patient
this phase is population based prevention strategies possible with advances in bacteriology and immunizations, reducing the effects of infectious diseases. immunization programs came out of this phase
phase 2 (1880-1930)
what are the three core functions of public health agencies?
assessment, policy development and assurance
what are the two largest health care financing programs?
medicare and medicaid
what was the primary reason for developing the NIDR?
address the national dental problems discovered through selective service rejections
this is the current phase of public health. it arises from the realization that technology may be extremely effective in the treatment or cure of acute health problems but ineffective in managing chronic lifestyle diseases and controlling the high cost of technology health care
phase 4
state dental public health units originally developed as a result of the:
maternal and child health grants to states
federal opportunies in DPH
USPHS- clinician, administrator, researcher, educator
Dept. of Justice- clinician, admin
Dept of veterans affairs- clinician, admin., research
FDA- researcher advocate
NIDCR- research, admin man
sufficient resources are necessary for effective programs. the creative planner will use which method to make the best of resources?
leveraging resources, considering common risk factors, working in coalitions, developing partnerships
these types of barriers inhibit patetiones from seeking care or following provider recommendations based on personal or cultural beliefs
personal / cultural
the third phase of public health included all of the following EXCEPT
Treatment of disease with complex medical treatment
eradication of small pox
intervention through hospitalization rather than the community
cure for acute health problems
effective management of chronic, lifestyle related diseases ***
which of the following persons is least likely to have difficulty accessing dental care?
a frail, elderly woman who is home bound
a 20 year old male, hispanic, migrant agriculture worker
a 40 year old female american Indian in an isolated alaskan village
a 59 year old stare gov. worker**
a 2 year old who lives in a single parent family with his five brothers and is eligible but not enrolled in medicaid
which organization monitors health issues on a global scale?
WHO
all of the following are considered barriers to implementing evidence based dental public health practice EXCEPT:
the time it takes for practitioners to adopt new research
the translation of techniques used successfully in private practice with individual patients to a community based population approach
not having enough scientist to review previous studies
**convincing third party payers to reimburse based on new practice guidelines
what are subgroups that are factors for oral health problems?
age, sex, race or ethnicity, socioeconomic status, language, geography, medical or disability status, behavioral lifestyles,
what is the primary department of the federal government that oversees public health activities at the national level
department of health and human services
which of the following is NOT a true statement?
dental caries is the single most common chronic children’s disease
over 50% of child abuse cases involve head and oral facial trauma
uninsured children are 2.5 times less likely than insured children to receive dental care
less than 200 school hours are lost to dental related illness each year***
African american males have the highest incidence of oral and pharyngeal cancers in the US and their 5 year survival rates are lower than the rest of the population
