exam 2 study guide #5 Flashcards
Glycogeneis converts
glucose to glycogen
glycogenolysis converts
glycogen to glucose
gluconeogenesis converts
amino acids and glycerol to glucose
lipogenesis converts
glucose to lipids
lipogenesis is a _____ process that occurs primarily ____
synthetic, following a meal
Glycogenolysis is a _____ process that occurs primarily _____
degradative; during the fasted state
Glycogenesis is a ____ process that occurs primarily ____
synthetic; following a meal
Lipolysis is a ____ process that occurs primarily ____
degradative; during the fasted state
Gluconeogenesis is a ______ process that occurs primarily ______
synthetic; during the fasted state
______ reduces blood glucose levels.
-glycogenesis
-Lipogenesis
______ increases or returns blood glucose to the steady state level.
-Glycogenolysis
-Gluconeogenesis
Which cells require the presence of insulin before glucose can be transported across the cell membrane?
-Muscle cells
-Adipose tissue
-Most other cells of the body
What cells in the pancreas are responsible for detecting changes (both increases and decreases) in blood glucose levels?
Beta
Insulin
-Activates glucose transporter molecules
-Decreases blood glucose levels
-Release is stimulated by increased blood glucose levels
-is released from beta cells in the pancreas
Which of these metabolic processes are stimulated by or require the presence of insulin?
-glycogenesis
-lipogenesis
Glucagon
-Increase blood glucose levels
-Release is stimulated by decreased blood glucose levels
-Is released from alpha cells in the pancreas
Which of these metabolic processes are stimulated by glucagon in the liver?
-Glycogenolysis
-Gluconeogenesis
Only glucagon is released during fasting and only insulin is released following a meal.
FALSE
Blood glucose is elevated following a glucose load.
TRUE
Blood glucose levels in the normal subject do not return to fasting levels until five hours following a glucose load.
FALSE
By about three hours following a glucose load the blood glucose has returned to its fasting level in a normal subject.
TRUE
It takes longer for a diabetic patient blood glucose to return to normal than it does for a normal subject.
TRUE
Glucose can be found in the urine if blood glucose levels are greater than 180 mg%.
TRUE
Normal fasting blood glucose can be as high as 125 mg%
FALSE
The ability to release insulin when blood glucose levels rise will determine fasting and post-glucose load blood glucose values
true
Epinephrine
-Increases blood glucose levels
-Release is stimulated by stress
-Released from the medullary cells of the adrenal gland
-Is a hormone
Which metabolic processes are stimulated by epinephrine?
glycogenolysis
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by:
decreased insulin production
Type 2 diabetes is characterized by
decreased receptor number or function
Type 1 diabetes is diagnosed by fasting blood glucoses:
greater than or equal to 126mg%
Type 2 diabetes is diagnosed by fasting blood glucoses:
greater than or equal to 126mg%
Type 1 diabetes is treated:
with insulin injections
Type 2 diabetes is usually treated:
-with diet and exercise
-oral medications that enhance glucose transport or increase insulin production
Diabetic coma is characterized by:
-too little insulin
-hyperglycemia (very high levels of glucose)
Insulin shock is characterized by:
-too much insulin
-very low blood glucose levels (hypoglycemia)
Diabetic coma can be treated with:
insulin injections
Insulin shock can be treated with:
-glucose
-glucagon injections
The results from glucose tolerance tests on subjects with diabetes would show:
-fasting glucose levels of 126 mg% or more
-two hour post glucose load glucose levels of 200 mg% or more
-return to fasting within 4-5 hours following glucose load
-presence of glucose in the urine
The results from glucose tolerance tests on subjects with normal glucose control would show:
-fasting glucose levels of 60-110 mg%
-two hour post glucose levels of 140 mg% or less
-return to fasting within 2-3 hours following glucose load
-absence of glucose in the urine`
A diabetic coma patient needs to be treated successfully with an insulin dose rate of 0.5 units/kg of body weight. She currently weighs 65 kilograms and the insulin you have available has a concentration of 60 units/milliliter. Calculate how much you need to inject to treat her. Your answer should be rounded to the nearest 1/100th.
–weight multiplied by units per kg (65x.5)
–take that number (32.5) divide by concentration (60 units/ milli)
-0.54
When reporting blood glucose levels units may be
-mg%
-mg/dl
-mg/100 ml
