EXAM 2 Study Guide

Question 1

What are accessory muscles?

Answer 1

Extra muscles used to help with breathing, like those in the neck and chest.

Question 2

What does altered mental status refer to?

Answer 2

A change in thinking or behavior, possibly from illness or injury.

Question 3

What is auscultate?

Answer 3

To listen with a stethoscope (like heart or lung sounds).

Question 4

Define bradycardia.

Answer 4

Slow heart rate (under 60 beats per minute).

Question 5

What are breath sounds?

Answer 5

Noises from lungs when you breathe, checked with a stethoscope.

Question 6

What is capillary refill?

Answer 6

How fast blood returns to a squeezed nail bed; checks circulation.

Question 7

What does capnography measure?

Answer 7

Measures carbon dioxide in a patient’s breath.

Question 8

What is carbon dioxide?

Answer 8

A gas your body makes and breathes out.

Question 9

What is the chief complaint?

Answer 9

The main reason someone needs medical help.

Question 10

What is conjunctiva?

Answer 10

The clear layer covering the eye and inner eyelid. (see this when eyes are red veins in eye)

Question 11

What are crackles?

Answer 11

Crackling lung sounds that suggest fluid in the lungs.

Question 12

Define crepitus.

Answer 12

A crunchy feeling from broken bones or joints.

Question 13

What is cyanosis?

Answer 13

Blue-colored skin from low oxygen.

Question 14

What does DCAP-BTLS stand for?

Answer 14

Deformities, Contusions, Abrasions, Punctures, Burns, Tenderness, Lacerations, Swelling.

Question 15

What does diaphoretic mean?

Answer 15

Sweating a lot.

Question 16

Define diastolic pressure.

Answer 16

The lower number in blood pressure; heart at rest.

Question 17

What is a distracting injury?

Answer 17

A painful injury that hides other serious injuries.

Question 18

What is a field impression?

Answer 18

Your guess at what’s wrong based on what you see.

Question 19

What does focused assessment involve?

Answer 19

Checking a specific area based on the patient’s problem.

Question 20

What is frostbite?

Answer 20

Skin and tissue damage from freezing.

Question 21

What is general impression?

Answer 21

Your first sense of how sick or injured the patient is.

Question 22

What does guarding mean in a medical context?

Answer 22

When a patient tightens muscles to protect a painful spot.

Question 23

What is a hematoma?

Answer 23

A lump of clotted blood under the skin.

Question 24

What does hemorrhage refer to?

Answer 24

Serious bleeding.

Question 25

Define hypertension.

Answer 25

High blood pressure.

Question 26

What is hypotension?

Answer 26

Low blood pressure.

Question 27

What does hypoxia mean?

Answer 27

Not enough oxygen in the body.

Question 28

What is an indication in medical treatment?

Answer 28

A reason to do a treatment.

Question 29

What is inspiration?

Answer 29

Breathing in.

Question 30

What does JVD stand for?

Answer 30

Jugular Vein Distension.

Question 31

What are lung sounds?

Answer 31

What you hear when listening to lungs with a stethoscope.

Question 32

What does mechanism of injury (MOI) refer to?

Answer 32

How the injury happened (like a fall or crash).

Question 33

What is the nature of illness (NOI)?

Answer 33

condition or disease a person is experiencing

Question 34

What does occluded mean?

Answer 34

Blocked.

Question 35

What does OPQRST stand for?

Answer 35

Onset, Provocation, Quality, Region, Severity, Time.

Question 36

What does palpate mean?

Answer 36

To feel with your hands during an exam.

Question 37

What is paradoxical motion?

Answer 37

When a chest injury causes part of the chest to move the wrong way.

Question 38

What do you want for a patent airway?

Answer 38

An open, clear airway.

Question 39

What is perfusion?

Answer 39

the process of delivering oxygen rich blood through the body.

Question 40

What are pertinent negatives?

Answer 40

Things the patient doesn’t have (but might expect), like 'no chest pain.'

Question 41

What is primary assessment?

Answer 41

First check to see if patient is alive and safe.

Question 42

What does priority mean in medical care?

Answer 42

How quickly the patient needs help or transport.

Question 43

What is pulse oximetry?

Answer 43

A tool that shows how much oxygen is in the blood.

Question 44

What does pulse quality refer to?

Answer 44

How strong and regular a heartbeat feels.

Question 45

What is pulse rate?

Answer 45

the number of times your heart beats per minute

Question 46

What are rales?

Answer 46

Crackling sounds in the lungs, like from fluid.

Question 47

What does reassessment involve?

Answer 47

Checking again after treatments or over time.

Question 48

What is respiratory distress?

Answer 48

Trouble breathing, but still moving air.

Question 49

What does respiratory failure mean?

Answer 49

Breathing not enough to get oxygen in or carbon dioxide out.

Question 50

What are rhonchi?

Answer 50

Low, snoring lung sounds from mucus or fluid.

Question 51

What does SAMPLE stand for?

Answer 51

Signs/Symptoms, Allergies, Meds, Past history, Last oral intake, Events before.

Question 52

What is scene size-up?

Answer 52

Checking scene safety and situation before helping.

Question 53

What is a sign in medical terms?

Answer 53

Something you can see or measure, like bleeding or fever.

Question 54

What does snoring indicate?

Answer 54

A sound from a blocked upper airway. muscus in the lungs

Question 55

What is stridor?

Answer 55

High-pitched sound when breathing in; upper airway problem.

Question 56

What is subcutaneous emphysema?

Answer 56

Air under the skin that feels like bubbles.

Question 57

What is a symptom?

Answer 57

Something the patient feels, like pain or nausea.

Question 58

What is systolic pressure?

Answer 58

Top blood pressure number; when heart squeezes.

Question 59

Define tachycardia.

Answer 59

Fast heart rate (over 100 beats per minute).

Question 60

What is tension pneumothorax?

Answer 60

Air trapped in chest putting pressure on lungs and heart.

Question 61

What is tidal volume?

Answer 61

Amount of air moved in one breath.

Question 62

What is the tripod position?

Answer 62

Leaning forward to breathe easier.

Question 63

What is wheezing?

Answer 63

High-pitched sound from narrow airways (like in asthma).

Question 64

What does AVPU stand for?

Answer 64

Alert, Verbal, Pain, Unresponsive — a way to check mental status.