Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NUR 3200 FOUNDATIONS > Exam 2 Study Guide > Flashcards

Exam 2 Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

Principles of Sterile Asepsis

A
  1. Sterile objects remains sterile only if touched by other sterile objects
  2. Only sterile objects may touch sterile field
  3. If sterile object or sterile field out of the range of vision it is contaminated
  4. If a sterile object is held below a person’s waist it is contaminated
  5. Sterile object or field becomes contaminated by prolonged exposure to air
  6. When a sterile surface comes in contact with a wet, contaminated surface, the sterile object or field becomes contaminated
  7. 1inch border of a sterile field/container are always considered to be contaminated so place objects as close to center as possible and inside the border
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Diseases Influencing Urination

A
  • Renal Disease
  • Diabetes Mellitus
  • Neuromuscular Disease
  • Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)
  • Cognitive Impairments (Alzheimer’s)
  • Diseases that limit mobility
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Mode of Transmissions

A
  • Airborne
  • Droplet
  • Contact
  • Protective Environment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Chemical Restraint

A

Medications used to manage a pt’s behavior that is not standard treatment for pt’s condition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Long-Term Indwelling Caths

A
  • Severe urinary retention
  • Protection of skin w/ incontinence
  • End of life care
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Droplet Precautions

A
  • Large particle droplets expelled into air
  • Barrier protection : private room, surgical mask w/in 3ft of pt
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Conditions that Require Airborne Precautions

A
  • Measles
  • Varicella
  • Varicella Zoster
  • Pulmonary or Laryngeal TB
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

External Catheters

A

Good alternative to use when trying to avoid invasive caths

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Hypoxia

A
  • Inadequate tissue oxygenation at cellular level and is life-threatening condition
  • Early Signs: restlessness, confusion, anxiety, difficulty concentrating, elevated BP, incrd HR, incrd RR, dyspnea
  • Late Signs: dcrd LOC, dcrd activity level, dcrd RR, hypotension - low BP, bradycardia, acidosis, cyanosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Intermittent Catheters

A
  • Relieve bladder distention
  • Obtains sterile specimen
  • Assessment of residual urine
  • Long-term management of pts w/ spinal cord injury & disorders
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Process of Wound Healing

A
  • Hemostasis : controls blood loss & bacterial growth
  • Inflammatory Phase : HELPR
  • Proliferative Phase : filling wound bed w/ gran. tissue, contraction of wound, & re-epithelization
  • Remodeling Phase : final stage, collagen scar formed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Factors Influencing Urinary Elimination

A
  • Acute & Reversible : UTI, urinary tract obstruction, reaction to anesthesia, dehydration
  • Chronic & Irreversible : ESRD
  • Can also be related to meds, surgical or diagnostic procedures, psychological or socio-cultural factors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Risk Factors for Falling

A
  • hx of falls
  • Age
  • Mobility (strength)
  • Medications
  • Elimination (frequency, incontinence)
  • Cognition
  • Equipment
  • Vision
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Complications of Wound Healing

A
  • Hemorrhage / hematoma
  • Infection : 2nd most common HAI
  • Dehiscence : layers of skin & tissue separate
  • Evisceration : total separation of wound layers w/ protrusion of organs - emergency
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Fall Risk Assessment Tools

A
  • Morse Fall Risk Assess. (>50 score = fall risk)
  • Hendrich Fall Risk
  • John Hopkins
  • STRATIFY
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Urinary Retention

A

An accumulation of urine resulting from an inability of bladder to empty properly; walls of bladder are stretched

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Stage IV Pressure Ulcer

A
  • Full thickness : muscle, bone, tendon visible
  • Slough and/or eschar present
  • Tunneling
  • Osteomyelitis can occur
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Stage III Pressure Ulcer

A
  • Full thickness : skin & tissue loss
  • Fat visible, includes subcut tissue
  • Some slough present
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Factors Affecting Oxygenation

A
  • Dcrd oxygen-carrying capacity
  • Hypovolemia
  • Dcrd inspired oxygen concentration
  • Incrd metabolic rate incrs oxygen demand
  • Conditions affecting chest wall movement
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Short-Term Indwelling Caths

A
  • After surgery
  • Prevention of urethral obstruction
  • Accurate measurement of output in critical care
  • Bladder irrigation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

NonPharmacological Interventions

A
  • Distraction
  • Prayer or meditation
  • Relaxation
  • Guided imagery
  • Music
  • Biofeedback
  • Cutaneous stimulation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Hyperventilation

A
  • A state of ventilation in which the lungs remove CO2 faster than it is produced
  • S/S: rapid respirations, light headedness, “sighing” breaths, numbness or tingling in hands & feet
  • Causes: anxiety, infection, drugs, body’s compensation for acidosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Stage I Pressure Ulcer

A

Non-blanchable redness of intact skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Factors Influencing Pain

A
  • Physiological : age, fatigue, genes, neuro function
  • Social : attention, previous experience, family & social support
  • Spiritual
  • Psychological : anxiety, coping style
  • Cultural : meaning of pain, ethnicity
25
Q

Risk Factors for Impaired Skin Integrity

A
  • Pressure intensity
  • Pressure duration
  • Tissue tolerance
  • Dcr mobility
  • Dcr sensory perception
  • Moisture / incontinence
  • Poor nutrition
  • Altered LOC
  • Shear & friction
  • Age
26
Q

Urinary Incontinence

A

Involuntary leakage of urine that is sufficient to be a problem

27
Q

Contact Precautions

A
  • Direct or indirect contact with pt with highly transmissible pathogen
  • Barrier protection : private room, gloves, & gown (before entering, removed before exiting)
28
Q

Consequences of Restraint Use

A
  • Pressure ulcers
  • Pneumonia
  • Constipation
  • Incontinence
  • Embarrassment
  • Incrd agitation
29
Q

Airway & Secretion Management

A
  • Positioning : 45 degrees, tripod position
  • Cough & deep breathing
  • Suctioning
  • Hydration
  • Humidification (esp. on O2)
  • Medications
30
Q

Conditions that Require Contact Precautions

A
  • MRSA
  • VRE
  • C diff
31
Q

Factors that Impede Wound Healing

A
  • Dcr mobility
  • Dcr sensory perception
  • Moisture / incontinence
  • Shear & friction
  • Poor nutrition
32
Q

Physical Restraint

A

Any manual method that immobilizes or reduces the ability of a pt to move freely

33
Q

Standard Precautions

A
  • HAND HYGIENE
  • PPE : gloves, gowns, mask, eye mask
  • Safe injection practices
  • Safe handling of potentially contaminated equipment or surfaces
  • Cough etiquette
34
Q

Diffusion

A

Moving the respiratory gases from one area to another by concentration gradients

35
Q

Effective Pain Management

A
  • Improves quality of life
  • Reduces physical discomfort
  • Promotes earlier mobilization and return to previous activity levels
  • Results in fewer hospital/clinic visits
  • Dcrs hospital length of stay
  • Results in lower health care costs
36
Q

Pharmacological Interventions

A

Analgesics
- Nonopioids : non-steroidal, anti-inflammatories
- Opioids : “narcotics”
- Adjuvants/Co-analgesics : treat conditions other than pain, have analgesic properties

37
Q

Isolation Precaution Definition

A

The separation and restriction of movement of ill persons with contagious or suspected contagious diseases

38
Q

Conditions that Require Droplet Precautions

A
  • Diphtheria
  • Rubella
  • Strep. pharyngitis
  • Flu
  • Pneumonia
  • Pertussis
  • Mumps
  • Meningitis
39
Q

Perfusion

A

The ability of cardiovascular system to pump oxygenated blood to tissues and return oxygenated blood to lungs

40
Q

Maintenance & Infection Prevention of Catheters

A
  • Remove ASAP
  • Encourage fluid intake
  • Frequent peri care
  • Keep drainage bag below bladder level
  • Avoid loops in catheter tubing & pooling of urine
  • Secure to avoid pulling
  • Empty cath bag prior to moving pt
  • Avoid prolonged clamping
41
Q

Hypoventilation

A
  • When alveolar ventilation is inadequate to meet O2 demands or eliminate sufficient CO2
  • S/S: mental status changes, dysrhythmias, convulsions
  • Causes: atelectasis, sedation, chronic lung disease
42
Q

Alternatives to Restraints

A
  • Re-orientation & diversion
  • Relocate pts
  • Evaluate meds & lab data
  • Camouflage lines & tubing
  • Self releasing security belts
  • 1:1 observation
43
Q

Ventilation

A

Process of moving gases into and out of lungs

44
Q

Patient-Controlled Analgesics

A

Infusion pump that allows pts to self administer a small preset dose of opioids with minimal risk of overdose

45
Q

Dyspnea Management

A
  • Treatment of underlying pathology (antibiotics)
  • Oxygen therapy
  • Medications (bronchodilators, steroids, anxiety meds)
46
Q

Urinary Diversions

A

Artificial stoma used to drain urine from a diseased or dysfunctional bladder

47
Q

Cyanosis

A

A blue discoloration of skin and mucus membranes because of a shortage of oxygen in the blood

48
Q

Assessment of Pain

A
  • Provocative/Palliative : precipitating or aggravating factors, intermittent or constant, what feels better/worse
  • Quality/Quantity : dull, aching, throbbing, burning, shooting
  • Region/Radiation : location
  • Severity : intensity, 0-10
  • Timing/Treatment : when did it occur
  • Understanding : how pain affects ADLs, behavior, relationships, etc.
49
Q

1st Tier Isolation Precautions

A

Follow standard precautions

50
Q

Promote Wound Healing

A
51
Q

2nd Tier Isolation Precautions

A

Follow transmission based precautions

52
Q

Stage II Pressure Ulcer

A
  • Partial thickness : loss of dermis
  • Shallow open ulcer
  • Red/pink wound bed; no slough
53
Q

Rationale for Standard Precautions

A

Designed to reduce the risk of transmission of microorganisms from recognized and unrecognized infections

54
Q

Interventions to Reduce UTIs

A
  • pt education
  • Adequate fluid intake
  • Maintaining elimination habits
  • Stimulating micturition reflex
  • Promoting complete bladder emptying
  • Avoid catheters
55
Q

Protective Environment

A
  • Designed for pts who undergo transplants and gene therapy
  • Barrier protection : positive airflow room
56
Q

Urinary Tract Infection

A

Bacterial growth in urinary tract

57
Q

Airborne Precautions

A
  • Tiny particles of evaporated droplets that remain in air for long periods of time
  • Barrier protection : negative air flow room, OSHA mask
58
Q

Isolation precautions or second tier precautions are use in health care setting to prevent ________

A

Nosocomial infections

NUR 3200 FOUNDATIONS (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions