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Anatomy Year 1 > Exam 2 Spring > Flashcards

Exam 2 Spring Flashcards

1
Q

ØOrbital margins (base)

A

¡Superior

úFrontal bone

¡Medial

úFrontal bone and maxilla

¡Inferior

úMaxilla and zygomatic bone

¡Lateral

úZygomatic and frontal bone

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2
Q

orbital wall - roof

A

orb plate of frontal bone and lesser wing of sphenoid

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3
Q

orbital wall - medial

A

¡Frontal process of maxilla, lacrimal bone, orbital plate of ethmoidal, body of sphenoid

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4
Q

orbital wall - floor

A

¡Orbital surface of maxilla, zygomatic and orbital plate of palatine bones

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5
Q

orbital wall - lateral

A

¡Frontal process of zygomatic bone, greater wing of sphenoid

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6
Q

orbital wall - apex

A

¡At optic canal in lesser wing of sphenoid, just medial to superior orbital fissure

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7
Q

Superior orbital fissure

A

Located between greater and lesser wing of sphenoid

Communicates with middle cranial fossa

Transmit

  • III, IV, VI, branches of V1 (lacrimal, frontal, nasociliary nerve)
  • Superior & Inferior ophthalmic veins

¨

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8
Q

ØInferior orbital fissure

A

¡Located posteriorly between maxilla and greater wing of sphenoid

¡Communicate with pterygopalatine fossa & Infratrmporal fossa

¡Transmits branches of maxillary nerve and branches of maxillary vessels

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9
Q

ØSupraorbital notch or foramina

A

¡supraorbital vessels and nerve

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10
Q

ØInfraorbital groove and foramen

A

orbit floor

transmits: infraorb vessels & N

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11
Q

¡Nasolacrimal canal

A

medially

communicates with inferior meatus

transmits nasolacrimal duct

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12
Q

ØOptic canal

A

¡Located posteriorly in lesser wing of sphenoid

úCommunicates with middle cranial fossa

úTransmit optic nerve and ophthalmic artery

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13
Q

ØZygomaticotemporal and zygomaticofacial foramen

A

¡Present in lateral wall; transmit nerve of same name

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14
Q

ØAnterior and posterior ethmoidal foramen

A

¡Present in the medial wall and transmit corresponding nerve and vessels

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15
Q

Orbital fascia/
periorbita

A

periosteum of orbit - loose & can be stripped from bone

con’t with dura @ optic canal & sup orb fissure

con’t with periostem coering external surf of skull @ orbital margin & inf orb fissue

forms orbital septum

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16
Q

Bulbar fascia

A

Tenon’s capsule

loose memb sheath around eyeball: optic N –> lumbus (sclerocorneal jxn)

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17
Q

exapnsions of bulbar fascia

A

¡Medial check ligament is a strong triangular expansion from sheath of medial rectus to lacrimal bone

¡Lateral check ligament is a strong triangular expansion from lateral rectus to zygomatic bone

¡Lower part of Tenon’s capsule is thickened and is called suspensory ligament of eye

¡Secondary socket for eye ball

¡Invests the muscles

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18
Q

voluntary extraocular M

A

4 recti

2 oblique

levator palpebre superioris

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19
Q

involuntary extraocular M

A

sup & inf tarsal

orbitalis

supplied by sympathetic N

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20
Q

levator palpebrae superioris

A

O: lesser wing sphenoid (sup/ant to optic canal)

I: sup tarsus, superior eyelid skin

N: CN III

  • deep layer (sup tarsal) = symp
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21
Q

obliquies: superior/inferior

A

O:

  • sphenoid
  • ant floor of orbit

I:

  • tendon through trochlea –> sclera, deep to sup rectus
  • sclera deep to lateral rectus

N: CN IV (trochlear)

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22
Q

rectus M of eye

A

O: common tend ring

I: sclera posterior to corneosclearl jxn

N:

  • CN III: sup, inf, med
  • CN VI (abducens): lat
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23
Q

MOVEMENTS OF INDIVIDUAL MUSCLES of eye

A
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24
Q

fx of levator palpebrae superioris

A

elev upper eyelid

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25
fx superior rectus
elev inforsion adduction
26
fx inferior rectus
depression extorsion adduction
27
fx of lateral rectus
abduction
28
medial rectus fx
adduction
29
fx superior oblique
intorsion depression abduction
30
fx inferior oblique
extorsion elev abduction
31
Unilateral & bilateral demonstration of extraocular muscle actions - starting from ‘primary position’
32
eye mvmts pic
33
Nerves of orbit
ØOptic nerve Ø3,4&6th cranial nerve ØBranches of ophthalmic and maxillary division of trigeminal nerve ØSympathetic nerves ØCiliary ganglion ¨
34
Occulomotor nerve placememt in eye
35
oculomotor paralysis
down and out
36
37
ØDirect light reflex pathway
Retina optic nerve optic chiasma optic tract pretectal nucleus EWN 3rd cranial nerve ciliary ganglion sphinctor pupillae
38
ØConsensual light reflex
constrict pupil of opposite side ## Footnote **due to bilateral innervation of pretectal nucleus**
39
Pupillary light reflex
40
Accommodation reflex
41
Oculomotor palsy
LPS: * ptosis * can also be due to superior cerv gang injury (horners) sphinctor pupillae * no light reflex (may be due to CN I **or** CN III) * pupil dilation ciliary M * no accomodation reflex
42
adie's tonic pupil versus argyll robertson's pupil
43
Marcus gunn pupil
44
Corneal reflex
closing of eye caused by touching of cornea afferent = nasociliary (V1) efferent = CN VII
45
Oculocardiac reflex
P to eyeball, stretch of extraocular M afferent = trigeminal N --\> visc motor nucleus --\> CN X in reticular formation of brain stem
46
abducent paralysis
adducted eye
47
trochlear nerve palsy
pt complains of double vision looking straight downwards ## Footnote **superior oblique paralysis**
48
before and after CN IV infarction
49
arteries of orbit - pic
50
Ophthalmic artery
ICA --\> optic canal beneath optic N --\> orbit
51
branches of opthalmic A
¡Lacrimal artery ¡Central artery of retina ¡Posterior ciliary arteries ¡Ant. and post. ethmoidal artery ¡Supraorbital and supratrochlear a ¡Dorsal nasal branch ¡Muscular branch
52
Venous drainage of orbit
**VALVELESS!!!** --\> direction of venous drainage depends on pressure gradients
53
Ophthalmic nerve (V1)
purely sensory runs anteriorly in lateral wall of cavernous sinus (middle cranial fossa: 3 branches: lacrimal, frontal, naso-ciliary **all branches enter orbital cavity via superior orbital fissuere**
54
lacrimal N
upper border of lateral rectus M joined by zygo-temp branch (V2) enters lacrimal gland --\> conjunctiva, upper eyelid skin
55
frontal N
upper surf levator palpebrae superioris div: supraorb & supratroch N --\> frontal air sinus, skin of forehead & scalp
56
nasociliary N
upper border of medial rectus --\> **con't as anterior ethmoid N** --\> lateral crista galli --\> nasal cavity --\> **2 internal & external nasal N** --\> skin @ tip of noise
57
branches of nasociliary N
sensory --\> ciliary ganglion LONG ciliary N * SNS --\> dilator pupillae * sensory --\> cornea infratroch --\> eyelid skin posterior ethmoidal N --\> sensory --\> ethmoid/sphenoid sinuses
58
Lacrimal apparatus pic
59
lacrimal gland
CN VII --\> secretomotor --\> greater petrosal branch --\> pterygoplatatine gang
60
ØCrocodile tear syndrome
lacrimation during eating lesion CN VII prox to geniculate gang * miscommun b/w chorda tympani (taste) & greater petrosal N (tears) follows facial paralysis
61
Eye lid pic
62
nasal cav runs from
nostrils to choannae
63
nasal cav: roof and floor
roof = nasal, frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid bones floor: palatine process (maxilla) & horizontal palte of palatine bone
64
nasal cavity: medial wall
anterior 2/3: cartilage posterior 1/3: vomer, perp plate of ethmoid
65
•The nasal septum is made up of the following:
* perpendicular plate of ethmoid * vomer * maxilla * septal cartilage
66
67
nasal cavity: lateral wall
superior/middle concha: ethmoid inferior concha = indiv bone others: * nasal * frontal * nasal process of maxilla * lacrimal * perp palte of platine * medial ptergoid: sphenoid
68
sphenoid sinus --\>
sphenoethmoid recess
69
frontal sinus --\>
infundibulum of middle meatus
70
anterior ethmoid sinus --\>
middle meatus
71
middle thmoid sinus --\>
ethmoid bulla of middle meatus
72
maxillary sinus --\>
middle meatus
73
nasal sinus pics
74
75
MRIs of eye
76
artery supply to nasal septum
* 1. anterior ethmoidal (ophthalmic) * 2. posterior ethmoidal (opththalmic) * 3. sphenopalatine (maxillary) * 4. greater palatine (maxillary) * 5. septal branch of superior labial (facial)
77
Venous drainage to nasal septum
--\> submucosal venous plexus: thermoreg drains into: opthalmic, sphenopalatine, facial V * exgternal nose mainly to facial facial sinus --\> cavernous sinus
78
Nerve supply to the nasal cavity
* SVA: Olfactory * GSA: Trigeminal
79
•Sneeze reflex
–Afferent: maxillary (V2) –Efferent: vagus
80
sensory N to nasal septum
anterior ethmoidal (V1) (nasociliary) nasopalatine (V2) (maxillary)
81
82
divisions of _________ go also to nose
V2 (maxillary) 1. infraorbital nerve * 2. posterior superior alveolar nerve * 3. pterygopalatine ganglion (parasympathetic) * 4. greater palatine nerve * 5. lesser palatine nerve * 6. cut nasopalatine nerve * 7. nerve of the pharyngeal canal
83
•sinusitis
–Infection of ethmoidal cells –Infection of maxillary sinus

Anatomy Year 1 (4 decks)

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