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Anatomy Year 1 > Exam 2 Spring > Flashcards

Exam 2 Spring Flashcards

1
Q

ØOrbital margins (base)

A

¡Superior

úFrontal bone

¡Medial

úFrontal bone and maxilla

¡Inferior

úMaxilla and zygomatic bone

¡Lateral

úZygomatic and frontal bone

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2
Q

orbital wall - roof

A

orb plate of frontal bone and lesser wing of sphenoid

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3
Q

orbital wall - medial

A

¡Frontal process of maxilla, lacrimal bone, orbital plate of ethmoidal, body of sphenoid

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4
Q

orbital wall - floor

A

¡Orbital surface of maxilla, zygomatic and orbital plate of palatine bones

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5
Q

orbital wall - lateral

A

¡Frontal process of zygomatic bone, greater wing of sphenoid

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6
Q

orbital wall - apex

A

¡At optic canal in lesser wing of sphenoid, just medial to superior orbital fissure

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7
Q

Superior orbital fissure

A

Located between greater and lesser wing of sphenoid

Communicates with middle cranial fossa

Transmit

  • III, IV, VI, branches of V1 (lacrimal, frontal, nasociliary nerve)
  • Superior & Inferior ophthalmic veins

¨

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8
Q

ØInferior orbital fissure

A

¡Located posteriorly between maxilla and greater wing of sphenoid

¡Communicate with pterygopalatine fossa & Infratrmporal fossa

¡Transmits branches of maxillary nerve and branches of maxillary vessels

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9
Q

ØSupraorbital notch or foramina

A

¡supraorbital vessels and nerve

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10
Q

ØInfraorbital groove and foramen

A

orbit floor

transmits: infraorb vessels & N

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11
Q

¡Nasolacrimal canal

A

medially

communicates with inferior meatus

transmits nasolacrimal duct

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12
Q

ØOptic canal

A

¡Located posteriorly in lesser wing of sphenoid

úCommunicates with middle cranial fossa

úTransmit optic nerve and ophthalmic artery

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13
Q

ØZygomaticotemporal and zygomaticofacial foramen

A

¡Present in lateral wall; transmit nerve of same name

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14
Q

ØAnterior and posterior ethmoidal foramen

A

¡Present in the medial wall and transmit corresponding nerve and vessels

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15
Q

Orbital fascia/
periorbita

A

periosteum of orbit - loose & can be stripped from bone

con’t with dura @ optic canal & sup orb fissure

con’t with periostem coering external surf of skull @ orbital margin & inf orb fissue

forms orbital septum

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16
Q

Bulbar fascia

A

Tenon’s capsule

loose memb sheath around eyeball: optic N –> lumbus (sclerocorneal jxn)

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17
Q

exapnsions of bulbar fascia

A

¡Medial check ligament is a strong triangular expansion from sheath of medial rectus to lacrimal bone

¡Lateral check ligament is a strong triangular expansion from lateral rectus to zygomatic bone

¡Lower part of Tenon’s capsule is thickened and is called suspensory ligament of eye

¡Secondary socket for eye ball

¡Invests the muscles

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18
Q

voluntary extraocular M

A

4 recti

2 oblique

levator palpebre superioris

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19
Q

involuntary extraocular M

A

sup & inf tarsal

orbitalis

supplied by sympathetic N

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20
Q

levator palpebrae superioris

A

O: lesser wing sphenoid (sup/ant to optic canal)

I: sup tarsus, superior eyelid skin

N: CN III

  • deep layer (sup tarsal) = symp
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21
Q

obliquies: superior/inferior

A

O:

  • sphenoid
  • ant floor of orbit

I:

  • tendon through trochlea –> sclera, deep to sup rectus
  • sclera deep to lateral rectus

N: CN IV (trochlear)

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22
Q

rectus M of eye

A

O: common tend ring

I: sclera posterior to corneosclearl jxn

N:

  • CN III: sup, inf, med
  • CN VI (abducens): lat
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23
Q

MOVEMENTS OF INDIVIDUAL MUSCLES of eye

A
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24
Q

fx of levator palpebrae superioris

A

elev upper eyelid

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25
Q

fx superior rectus

A

elev

inforsion

adduction

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26
Q

fx inferior rectus

A

depression

extorsion

adduction

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27
Q

fx of lateral rectus

A

abduction

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28
Q

medial rectus fx

A

adduction

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29
Q

fx superior oblique

A

intorsion

depression

abduction

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30
Q

fx inferior oblique

A

extorsion

elev

abduction

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31
Q

Unilateral & bilateral demonstration of extraocular muscle actions - starting from ‘primary position’

A
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32
Q

eye mvmts pic

A
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33
Q

Nerves of orbit

A

ØOptic nerve

Ø3,4&6th cranial nerve

ØBranches of ophthalmic and maxillary division of trigeminal nerve

ØSympathetic nerves

ØCiliary ganglion

¨

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34
Q

Occulomotor nerve placememt in eye

A
35
Q

oculomotor paralysis

A

down and out

36
Q
A
37
Q

ØDirect light reflex pathway

A

Retina

optic nerve

optic chiasma

optic tract

pretectal nucleus

EWN

3rd cranial nerve

ciliary ganglion

sphinctor pupillae

38
Q

ØConsensual light reflex

A

constrict pupil of opposite side

due to bilateral innervation of pretectal nucleus

39
Q

Pupillary light reflex

A
40
Q

Accommodation reflex

A
41
Q

Oculomotor palsy

A

LPS:

  • ptosis
    • can also be due to superior cerv gang injury (horners)

sphinctor pupillae

  • no light reflex (may be due to CN I or CN III)
  • pupil dilation

ciliary M

  • no accomodation reflex
42
Q

adie’s tonic pupil versus argyll robertson’s pupil

A
43
Q

Marcus gunn pupil

A
44
Q

Corneal reflex

A

closing of eye caused by touching of cornea

afferent = nasociliary (V1)

efferent = CN VII

45
Q

Oculocardiac reflex

A

P to eyeball, stretch of extraocular M

afferent = trigeminal N –> visc motor nucleus –> CN X in reticular formation of brain stem

46
Q

abducent paralysis

A

adducted eye

47
Q

trochlear nerve palsy

A

pt complains of double vision looking straight downwards

superior oblique paralysis

48
Q

before and after CN IV infarction

A
49
Q

arteries of orbit - pic

A
50
Q

Ophthalmic artery

A

ICA –> optic canal beneath optic N –> orbit

51
Q

branches of opthalmic A

A

¡Lacrimal artery

¡Central artery of retina

¡Posterior ciliary arteries

¡Ant. and post. ethmoidal artery

¡Supraorbital and supratrochlear a

¡Dorsal nasal branch

¡Muscular branch

52
Q

Venous drainage of orbit

A

VALVELESS!!! –> direction of venous drainage depends on pressure gradients

53
Q

Ophthalmic nerve (V1)

A

purely sensory

runs anteriorly in lateral wall of cavernous sinus (middle cranial fossa:

3 branches: lacrimal, frontal, naso-ciliary

all branches enter orbital cavity via superior orbital fissuere

54
Q

lacrimal N

A

upper border of lateral rectus M

joined by zygo-temp branch (V2)

enters lacrimal gland –> conjunctiva, upper eyelid skin

55
Q

frontal N

A

upper surf levator palpebrae superioris

div: supraorb & supratroch N –> frontal air sinus, skin of forehead & scalp

56
Q

nasociliary N

A

upper border of medial rectus –> con’t as anterior ethmoid N –> lateral crista galli –> nasal cavity –> 2 internal & external nasal N –> skin @ tip of noise

57
Q

branches of nasociliary N

A

sensory –> ciliary ganglion

LONG ciliary N

  • SNS –> dilator pupillae
  • sensory –> cornea

infratroch –> eyelid skin

posterior ethmoidal N –> sensory –> ethmoid/sphenoid sinuses

58
Q

Lacrimal apparatus pic

A
59
Q

lacrimal gland

A

CN VII –> secretomotor –> greater petrosal branch –> pterygoplatatine gang

60
Q

ØCrocodile tear syndrome

A

lacrimation during eating

lesion CN VII prox to geniculate gang

  • miscommun b/w chorda tympani (taste) & greater petrosal N (tears)

follows facial paralysis

61
Q

Eye lid pic

A
62
Q

nasal cav runs from

A

nostrils to choannae

63
Q

nasal cav: roof and floor

A

roof = nasal, frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid bones

floor: palatine process (maxilla) & horizontal palte of palatine bone

64
Q

nasal cavity: medial wall

A

anterior 2/3: cartilage

posterior 1/3: vomer, perp plate of ethmoid

65
Q

•The nasal septum is made up of the following:

A
  • perpendicular plate of ethmoid
  • vomer
  • maxilla
  • septal cartilage
66
Q
A
67
Q

nasal cavity: lateral wall

A

superior/middle concha: ethmoid

inferior concha = indiv bone

others:

  • nasal
  • frontal
  • nasal process of maxilla
  • lacrimal
  • perp palte of platine
  • medial ptergoid: sphenoid
68
Q

sphenoid sinus –>

A

sphenoethmoid recess

69
Q

frontal sinus –>

A

infundibulum of middle meatus

70
Q

anterior ethmoid sinus –>

A

middle meatus

71
Q

middle thmoid sinus –>

A

ethmoid bulla of middle meatus

72
Q

maxillary sinus –>

A

middle meatus

73
Q

nasal sinus pics

A
74
Q
A
75
Q

MRIs of eye

A
76
Q

artery supply to nasal septum

A
    1. anterior ethmoidal (ophthalmic)
    1. posterior ethmoidal (opththalmic)
    1. sphenopalatine (maxillary)
    1. greater palatine (maxillary)
    1. septal branch of superior labial (facial)
77
Q

Venous drainage to nasal septum

A

–> submucosal venous plexus: thermoreg

drains into: opthalmic, sphenopalatine, facial V

  • exgternal nose mainly to facial

facial sinus –> cavernous sinus

78
Q

Nerve supply to the nasal cavity

A
  • SVA: Olfactory
  • GSA: Trigeminal
79
Q

•Sneeze reflex

A

–Afferent: maxillary (V2)

–Efferent: vagus

80
Q

sensory N to nasal septum

A

anterior ethmoidal (V1) (nasociliary)

nasopalatine (V2) (maxillary)

81
Q
A
82
Q

divisions of _________ go also to nose

A

V2 (maxillary)

  1. infraorbital nerve
    1. posterior superior alveolar nerve
    1. pterygopalatine ganglion (parasympathetic)
    1. greater palatine nerve
    1. lesser palatine nerve
    1. cut nasopalatine nerve
    1. nerve of the pharyngeal canal
83
Q

•sinusitis

A

–Infection of ethmoidal cells

–Infection of maxillary sinus

Anatomy Year 1 (4 decks)

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