Exam 2-Skin,HEENT,Neck, Cardio, Resp Flashcards
What is impetigo?
What is impetigo?
What is impetigo?
Impetigo
Impetigo
Impetigo
Different Headaches
Different Headaches
Cranial Nerves
Cranial nerves
Cranial nerves
Percussion in emphysema?
Hyper resonance
Percussion sound for COPD?
Lung sounds for emphysema?
Acne vulgaris
Androgen dependent sebaceous glands
Excessive amounts of sebum are produced
Acne vulgaris can lead to
Comedones
Pustules
Papules
Cystic nodules
Scarring
Acne is the most blank skin condition in the US affecting up to 50 million people annually
Most common!
Comedonal acne
Preteen early teen
Whitehead closed comedones
No infection
Infllammatory acne
Teens early 20s
Pustules
Papules
Minimal scarring
Mild inflammation
Usual infection =inflammatory
Nodulocystic acne
Teen
Nodules cysts
Mod- severe inflam
Infect- usually
C. acne’s
Instrumental in inflammation
Acne areas affected
Face
Upper and back of chest
Upper arms
Shoulders
PCOS begins in
Puberty need other lab tests
85% of people age 12-24 report minor acne
Acne women
Before menses
Boys and men
Later onset worse acne severity
Actinic Keratosis (solar keratosis)
Scaly lesions due to the sun red Papules or plaques
AK lesions are most common precancerous epithelial skin lesions
Can progress to squamous cell carcinoma
65- 100% of AK lesions can progress to
Nomelanoma skin cancer within 10 years
AK findings
Round or oval raised
Scaly Papules
Flesh colored pink brown or black
Papules or plaques
2 mm-5mm
Possible complications of AK
Squamous cell carcinoma in Siri
Squamous cell carcinoma
Atopic Dermatitis
Eczema
Chronic skin problem that causes red, patchy, papular, plaque like rash with inflammation
Atopic dermatitis common in patients with other atopic illness
Asthma
Allergic rhinitis
Atopic dermatitis
Affects 10.7% of children in the US
60% infancy and 12 years old
How to manage atopic dermatitis
Maintenance of skin hydration
Cafe Au lait spots
Uniform light brown to dark brown maculae’s with sharp margination
Birth or 1st 3 years of life
Birth mark
Cat scratch disease
Bartonella henselae infection
Subacute tender lymphadentitis that develops after contact with a cat
99% of cases localized or disseminated
5-13% of cases disease is severe… can lead to
Hepatitis
Neurologic
Stellate rhinitis
Cat scratch disease
Common among children 5-9 years old
Most common cause of lymphadenopathy in children and adolescents
Cat scratch disease resolves in
2-6 months without treatment
Contact Derm
Skin inflammation from contact with irritant
Cause of contact Derm
Chemical irritants
Plants poison Ivy
Antiobiotics adhesives
Diaper Dermatitis
Diaper rash
Acute inflammation of the skin in the region of the perineum
Butt
Lower abd
Inner thighs
Diaper Derm
Irritant
Candidal infection
Atopic Derm
Seborrheic Derm
Erythrasma
Inverse psoriasis
Intertrigo
Diaper Derm
Common in peds
Common in adults with urinary and fecal incontinence
Prevention of diaper Derm
Skin barrier creams
Varicella
Chicken pox
Contagious viral infection
Pruritic vesicles and Papules
On skin
Scalp
Mucous membranes
Transmitted through inhalation of respiratory membranes
Varicella zoster
Herpes virus group
Incubation period 14-16 days- after exposure to VZV or herpes zoster rash
Varicella zoster
Contagious from 1-2 days before rash onset until lesions have crusted
Varicella
Age 5-9 years
Can occur at any age
Outbreak between January and May
I’m pregnant women risk for infection is greatest during first
20 weeks of pregnancy
Incubation for varicella is 2 weeks
Patients are contagious for 2 days before the appearance of the rash
And until lesions have crusted
Varicella vaccine is contraindicated in pregnancy.
Pregnancy should be avoided 3 months after vaccine
Most infectious varicella
2 days prior to rash
Through crusting of all lesions
Patients should be at home until lesions have crusted
Varicella
Prodrome- fever ha, mailasie
Rash phase-
Pediculosis
(Lice)
An infestation of the body, head, pubic area by lice
Lice
Lice feed on human blood
Lice eggs (nuts) survive up to 3 weeks after removal of human host
Incubation of lice is
about a month
Roseola Infantum
(Exanthem Subitum)
Sudden rash
Rose rash
Sixth disease
Self limited viral condition
3-5 days of high fever
Blanching maculopular rash lasting 1-2 days
Roseola Infantum
Human herpesvirus 6 -HHV-6
Similar to cytomegalovirus
Can infect child through saliva
Burns
Cause chemicals
Thermal
Radiation
Electricity
Burns
Hot water burns most common cause of abuse
Burns
Leading cause of death in children
Adults vs kids
Adults - flame
Children- scald
Rule of 9’s
Normal layers of the skin
Skin
Anatomy of the nails and beds
When do sweat glands occur in children?
2nd or 3rd grade
Melanoma
Basal cell carcinoma
Basal cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
A
B
C
D
Skin cancer
Primary vs secondary lesion
Pustule
Acne vulgaris
Small palpable collection of neutrophils or keratin that appears white
Nodule
Larger and deeper than Papule
Vesicle
Herpes simplex virus
Fluid filled
Papular rash
Eczema
People who work outside like farmers should get assessed for skin cancer
Once a year
Melanoma is the highest mortality rate
70% of skin cancer deaths
Prevention of skin cancer
Most likely place to get basal cell carcinoma
Face
Neck
Ears
Common neck mass
Thyroid
Neck mass or goiter
It’s not unusual for adults to have a chronic swollen lymph node 1-2 cm in size
Lymph nodes acutely swollen have tenderness bacterial or viral
Persistent neck masses 40 or greater refer to get it checked out
Cervical lymph nodes located neck
Pathway of visual fields
How often should patients see doctor to have eyes checked if they have contacts or glasses
Once a year
When should patients get checked for glaucoma?
Cataracts
Eyesight
Lazy eye for children nystagmus
Age 4-5 years old
Drug addict
Will have nystagmus too
Ears and Nose Anatomy
Whisper test
Weber test
Hearing tests
Hearing test
Viral rhinitis
Red and swollen
Allergic rhinitis
Pale and blue boggy
Hearing loss
Weber- middle of head laterization
Rinne- back of ear - air>bone conduct
Resp anatomy
Characteristic of lung disease
HtN
Silent killer
Family history
Acute bronchitis
Cough and sputum
Dry or productive
Acute or viral
Burning retrosternal discomfort
Heart valves with sounds
Thrills- cardiac in nature
Bruits- vascular in nature