Abdominal Flashcards
The organs inside the abdominal cavity are called
Abdominal viscera
The abdominal cavity spans from the diaphragm to the
Pubis
There are 2 types of abdominal viscera
Solid & Hollow
Solid viscera- organs that maintain there shape
Organs are:
Liver
Spleen
Pancreas
Kidneys
The liver is both the —- and ——- I. The human body
Largest internal organ & largest gland
Liver functions
Detox
Protein synthesis
Production of biochemicals
Spleen similar in structure to a
Lymph node
Spleen functions as
Part of the immune system to attack foreign antibodies & disease
Spleen filters
Old & dying red blood cells
Holds a reserve of blood
Recycles iron
Pancreas produces?
Insulin
Glucagon
Somatostatin
Pancreatic polypeptide circulates in the blood
The pancreas secretes pancreatic juice
Containing digestive enzymes assist in the breakdown & absorption of nutrients in the small intestine
Kidneys function?
Essential part of the urinary system
Sifts our waste & extra water from the blood
These are excreted by the kidneys as urine which flows through the ureter and empties into the urinary bladder
Organs whose shape depends on their contents are called hollo viscera
The following organs are hollo viscera:
Stomach
Gallbladder
Small intestine
Colon
Bladder
A rounded and highly elastic organ food is churned by muscular contractions
Stomach
Digestive enzymes & hydrochloride acid
Secreted by the stomach assists in the breakdown of food
Blank stores and concentrates bile produced by the liver
Gallbladder
When foos enters the digestive tract the gallbladder releases
Bile into the small intestine where it aids in the digestion of lipids
The removal of the blank in most cases has little to no effect but n the body’s functioning
Gallbladder
The majority of digestion and absorption occurs in the
Small intestine
Where bile and pancreatic juices work to break down food
The small intestine is divided into the
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
The colon or large intestine has four parts
Ascending
Transverse
Descending
Sigmoid
Throughout the colon
Water, salt, and some nutrients are removed from the digested food
The results in the formation of stool is moved through the colon by
Strong muscle contractions
Bladder is an elastic muscular sac that stores urine excreted by the
Kidneys
When the muscles of the bladder contract
Urine is passed into the urethra before exiting the body
Both solid and hollow viscera rely heavily on oxygenated blood supplied by the
Abdominal aorta
The blank descends through the abdominal cavity just left of the midline along the posterior
Abdominal wall
The organs of the abdominal cavity reside in
Abdominal quadrants
The right lord quadrants contains the
Appendix
Right urethra
Part of the ascending colon
Females:
Right ovary and fallopian tube
Males:
Right spermatic cord
The right upper quadrant contains the
Liver
Gallbladder
Duodenum
Head of pancreas
Right kidney
Sections of the large intestine including the ascending and transverse colon
The left upper quadrant contains the
Stomach
Spleen
Left lobe of the liver
Body of pancreas
Left kidney
Sections of the large intestine including the transverse and descending colon
Left lower quadrant contains the
Left ureter
Sigmoid colon
Part of the descending colon
In females it contains the left ovary and fallopian tube
In males it. Obtains the left spermatic cord
Palpation increases the frequency of the
Bowel sounds
Auscultation following palpation May render
Inaccurate findings
The contour of the abdomen is evaluated for
Distension, asymmetry, abnormal pulsations, protuberances
Asking about scars noted during inspection may uncover facts about patients medical history
3 types of bowel sounds
Normoactive
Hyperactive
Hypoactive
Abdominal percussion produces 2 basic sounds
Tympanic and dull
Abdominal percussion produces 2 sounds
Tympanic and dull
Tympanic
Contains air such as the normal intestines
Dull sounds
Over areas that are distended
Fluid filled
Or dense
Such as liver
When per using the abdomen
Typing should predominate
A third percussion sound is
Resonance heard over the lungs
The sound will be tympanic unless over the
Liver
Spleen
Distended bladder
Fluid
Mass
Scattered dullness in the lower quadrant indicates
Fecal matter in the colon
Palpation in abdomen must be last because
Can shift organs
Can shift masses
May affect digestive processes
Light Palpation
Depth of 1 cm
Used to check for large masses
Pulses
Involuntary muscle guarding
Tenderness
Light pal palpation always performed before
Deep palpation
Light palpation
Can alert you to areas to treat with caution during the exam
In the abdominal assessment important to
Watch patients facial expression and body language for signs of discomfort
Depth palpation done at the level of
5-8 cm
Deep palpation done to determine the
Size and location of the organs and to check for masses and rebound tenderness
Healthy patient deep palpation will help you
Feel the liver edge
Aorta
Sigmoid colon
Bladder normally palpable only when
Full
The spleen should sound
Tympanic
Spleen percuss
Left anterior axillary line
Liver
1 cm below right costal margin
