Exam 2 Side Effects Flashcards
Bradycardia, PVC, dysrhythmia, N/V, headache, blurred vision, visual illusions (white, green, yellow halos around objects), confusion, delirium
Digitalis Toxicity
Fluid and electrolyte imbalance, pulmonary edema, N/V
Mannitol (Osmitrol) - Osmotic Diuretic
Fluid and electrolyte imbalance, metabolic acidosis, N/V, anorexia, confusion, *orthostatic hypotension
Acetazolamide (Diamox) - Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor
Adverse Reactions: hemolytic anmeia, cryalluria, renal calculi
Acetazolamide (Diamox) - Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor
Intrauterine growth restriction, stillbirth
Cigarette Smoking and pregnancy
Neurocognitive delay, miscarriage
Alcohol and pregnancy
Abdominal pain, chest pain/SOB, headache/dizziness/weakness/numbness/speech difficulties, eye disorders, severe leg pain or swelling
ACHES - side effects of Oral Contraceptives
Thromboembolism, pulmonary embolism, MI, CVA, retinal thrombosis
Rare side effects of Oral Contraceptives
H/A, flushing, nasal congestion, diarrhea, dyspepsia (GI distress)
Sildenalfil (Viagra) - phosphodiestrase reuptake inhibitor
Blurred vision, photosensitivity, changes in color perception (blue and green especially), urinary tract symptoms - frequency, dysuria, cloudy urine
Rare side effects of phosphodiestrase reuptake inhibitors
Hypersensitivity (rash, anaphylaxis), N/V, diarrhea
Penicillin
May cross blood brain barrier
Cefepime - 4th generation Cephalosporin
Hypersensitivity, N/V, diarrhea, alterations in blood clotting with large doses, neutropenia, hemolytic anemia, nephrotoxicity
Cephalosporin
Flushing, dizziness, headache, N/V
Cephalosporin + alcohol
GI distress, tinnitus, ototoxicity, superinfection, hepatotoxicity
Macrolides (Azizthromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin)
Red Neck/Red man syndrome, nephrotoxicity, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, ototoxicity, blood dyscrasias, irritation to vein
Vancomycin (Vancocin)
Continuous use results in bacterial resistance
Tetracycline (Sumycin)
Very irritating to gastric mucosa (N/V, diarrhea, flatulence, epigastric distress, abdominal discomfort, heartburn), rash, pruritius, *photosensitivity, H/A, *teratogenic, *discoloration of teeth in children under 8 yrs
Tetracycline (Sumycin)
Cannot be absorbed from GI tract
Aminoglycosides
Rash, numbness, tremors, muscle cramps or weakness, visual disturbances, photosensitivity, skin sensitivity, tinnitus
Gentamicin (Garamycin) - Aminoglycosides
Oliguria, anuria, palpitations, superinfection, ototoxicity, life threatening (nephrotoxicity, thrombocytopenia, agranulocytosis, neuromuscular blocakde, liver damage)
Adverse reactions of Gentamicin (Garamycin)
Increased risk for ototoxicity with loop diuretics
Gentamicin
Increased risk for neprhotoxicity with amphotericin B, polymyxin, cisplatin, furosemide, vancomycin
Gentamicin
Should be taken on empty stomach
Penicillin
Increases serum levels of Carbamezapine, theophylline, warfarin (Coumadin)
Macrolides
Increased with Fluconazole, Ketoconazole
Erythromycin
Risk for sudden cardiac death
Erythromycin + fluconazole, ketoconazole
Reduced levels by antacids
Azithromycin
N/V, diarrhea, abdominal cramps, flatulence, H/A, dizziness, fatigue, restlessness, insomnia, rash, flushing, photosensitivity, tinnitus
Levofloxacin (Levaquin) - Fluoroquinolone
Increased effects with oral hypoglycemics and theophylline
Levofloxacin/Fluoroquinolone
Decreased absorption with antacids and iron
Levofloxacin/Fluoroquinolone
Stevens-Johnson syndrome, encephalopathy, seizures, pseudomembranous colitis (C. Diff), dysrhythmia
Adverse Reactions to Levofloxacin/Fluroquinolones
Hypo/HTN, anemia, numbness, tingling, dizziness, insomnia, pain/burning on urination, N/V
Daptomycin (Cubicin) - Lipopeptides
Elevated creatinine kinase (rhabdomyolysis) especially with statins, unexplained myopathy, neuropathy, hypo/hyperkalemia, hyperglycemia, pleural effusion
Adverse Reactions to Daptomycin/Lipopeptides
Toxicity with tobramycin
Daptomycin (Cubicin)
Increased bleeding with coumadin
Daptomycin (Cubicin)
N/V, diarrhea, H/A, lethargy, tremors, rash, pruritus, increased bleeding time, phlebitis at IV site
Acyclovir Sodium (Zovirax) - anti-viral
Uticaria, anemia, life threatening (nephrotoxicity, bone marrow depression, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, granulocytopenia, acute renal failure
Adverse Reactions - Acyclovir Sodium (Zovirax)
Dizziness, H/A, confusion, depression, irritability, weakness, insomnia
Metronidazole (Flagyl)
Darkens urine with high doses
Metronidazole
Disulfram type reaction - Flushing, sweating, H/A, slurred speech
Metronidazole + alcohol
Should be avoided during first trimester of pregnancy
Metronidazole
