Exam 2 SG Flashcards
ACL
function
prevent tibia from sliding too far forward
stability
PCL
function
prevent femur from sliding off the anterior edge of the tibia and prevent tibia from displacing posterior to the femur
MCL
function
resist outward turning forces on the knee
LCL
Function
avoid varus stress across the knee
open kinetic chain
movement
movement where the distal extremity is not fixed
knee extension
closed kinetic chain
movement
movement where the distal extremity is fixed
leg press
open pack position
flex or ext
25 flexion
closed pack position
flex or ext
full extension
screw home mechanism
stabilty
rotation between the tibia and femur
occurs at the end of extension, between full extension and 20 degrees of knee flexion
role of meniscus
disperse weight of the body and reduce friction during movment
anatomy of meniscus
two pads of fibrocartilaginous tissue
concave on the top and flat on the bottom
knee AROM
Flexion
135-145
knee AROM
Extension
0
knee flexion
end feel
soft
knee extension
end feel
firm
muscle in knee for flexion
hamstring
muscle in knee for extension
quadriceps
edema/effusion
special tests
sweep test
ballotable patella
bounce home test
patella pathology
special test
clarke’s test
aprrehension test
patella alignment/tracking
ligamentous
stress test
anterior drawer lachmans posterior sag sign 90/90 godfrey's test posterior drawer valgus varus slocums lelli test
meniscus pathology
special tests
medial-lateral grind test
mcmurray’s
apley’s compression/distraction
thessaly test
other pathologies
nobles test renne's test hughstons pics test q angle girth
muscles
hamstrings
biceps femoris
semitendinosus
semimembranosus
muscles
quardriceps
vastus lateralis
vastus medialis
vastus intermedius
rectus femoris
muscles
pes anserine
sartorius
gracillis
semitendinosus
ACL sprain
MOI
Signs/Symptoms
evaluation
acute force causing anterior tibial translation, non-contact, stopping, pivoting, cutting
feel “pop”, effusion, unable to FWB, limited extension,
refer to physician
MCL sprain
MOI
Signs/Symptoms
evaluation
acute valgus force, direct blow
delayed swelling, PT over length of MCL
no activity, refer to DR.
LCL sprain
MOI
Signs/Symptoms
evaluation
acute varus force
diffuse swelling, PT over LCL, deformity, limited flex/ext,
refer to DR, rehab
PCL sprain
MOI
Signs/Symptoms
evaluation
acute, landing on knee in flexed position
effusion, posterior sag present, tenderness in popliteal fossa, ROM normal
Rehab, refer to DR.
meniscus injuries
MOI
Signs/Symptoms
evaluation
flexion of knee with rotation of tibia, pinching meniscus
locking or clicking, pain around joint line, knee giving away, swelling,
refer to DR.
patellar dislocations
MOI
Signs/Symptoms
evaluation
contact or no contact,
diffuse swelling, most occur laterally,
refer to DR.,
IT Band friction syndrome
MOI
Signs/Symptoms
evaluation
insidious, repetitive activities with flex/ext
PT lateral femoral condyle, ROM normal
treat symptoms, stretching IT band
autograft
taken from patient
allograft
graft taken from donor
`anatomical structure of posterolateral corner
tibia, fibula, lateral femur, iliotibial band, long and short head of biceps femoris tendon, fibular collateral ligament, popliteus tendon, popliteofibular ligament, lateral gastrocnemius tendon, and fabellofibular ligament
function of posterolateral corner
creates stability in knee
what is Q angle
angle between quadriceps tendon and patellar tendon
how to measure Q angle
ASIS to center of petella
different things to inspect/observe during knee evaluation
location MOI foot fixation contact vs non-contact internal/external torque sounds/sensations onset of injury previous injury kinetic chain girth
different things to inspect/observe during knee evaluation
location MOI foot fixation contact vs non-contact internal/external torque sounds/sensations onset of injury previous injury kinetic chain girth
LE Myotome
L1- hip flexion L2- hip flexion L3- knee extension L4- DF, inverison L5- great toe extension S1- PF, eversion S2- knee flexion
LE DTR
L4- Petellar tendon reflex
S2- achilles tendon reflex
LE Dermatomes
L1- proximal thigh
L2- mid thigh
L3- mid to distal thigh above knee
L4- medial lower leg, medial foot, 1st toe
L5- anterior lower leg, dorsal foot, 2-4 toes
S1- lateral and posterior lower leg, bottom of foot, 4-5 toes
S2- popliteal fossa and posterior thigh
