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Pols 110 > exam 2 second study guide > Flashcards

exam 2 second study guide Flashcards

1
Q

civil liberties

A

protection from the gov’t of what they cannot do
- in the constittution

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2
Q

civil rights

A

what the gov’t must do

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3
Q

social movements

A

campaigns brought by disadvantage populations in support of political goal

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4
Q

collective action

A

process of a groups of ppl organizaing and acting based on same goal

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5
Q

equal protection clause

A

equal protectoin of the law to all americans

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6
Q

burden of proof

A

responsibility to show evidence in support of claim in court

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7
Q

discrimination

A

use of unreasonable exclusion

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8
Q

13th amendment

A

abolished slavery

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9
Q

14th amendment

A

equal protections and due process

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10
Q

15th amendment

A

gave african american men right to vote

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11
Q

19th amendment

A

gave women right to vote

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12
Q

jim crow laws

A

laws and policies that dicriminate against african americans

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13
Q

give example of jim crow laws

A
  • no interracial marriage
  • literacy test
  • segregation of schools
  • segregation of public accommodations
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14
Q

separate but equal clause

A

public accommodatoin could be segregated by race and still be equal

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15
Q

Plessy v ferguson

A
  • lousianaa had “seperate car act”
  • plessy sat in white car
  • supreme court sided with lousiana since this upheld seperate but equal clause
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16
Q

brown v board of education

A
  • wanted to go to school closer, but it was an all white schools
  • overthrew seperate but equal clause
  • started integration of public schools
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17
Q

strict scutiny

A

test by supreme court in racial discrimination cases that place burden of proof on gov’t to show law WAS CONSTITUTIONAL

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18
Q

de jure

A
  • by law
  • legally enforced
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19
Q

de facto

A
  • by fact
  • no legal enforcement
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20
Q

civil rights act of 1964

A

prhoib practice of racial segregation in public schools

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21
Q

civil liberties act of 1988

A
  • forced and removed japanese ppl as injustice motivated by racial prejudice
  • grante those families money for injsutice during WW2
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22
Q

obergefell v hodge

A

guarantees same-sex couple right to marry in all states

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23
Q

affirmative action

A

policies designed to compensate for disadvantages due to past discrimination and encourage greater diversity

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24
Q

deferred action for childhood arrivals (DACA)

A

immigration officals to take no action to deport law-abiding ppl who as children entered US unauthorized

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25
Q

islamophobia

A

fear of and discrimination against islam and the practice of it

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26
Q

public opinion

A

attitude about political issues

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27
Q

attitude

A

specific prederences

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28
Q

values (or beliefs)

A

basic principle that shape persons opinions about political issues

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29
Q

liberty

A

freddom from gov’t control

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30
Q

justice

A

fairness or equal treatment

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31
Q

equality of opportunity

A

ppl should have freedom to use all thing shtey have to reach full potential

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32
Q

political ideology

A

ppl beliefs about framework of gov’t

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33
Q

liberal

A
  • supports gov’t policies to create fairer economic system
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34
Q

conservative

A
  • large gov’t is threat to freedom
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35
Q

libertarian

A
  • gov’t policies interfere with freedom of expansion and society and hsould be involved as little as possible in economy
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36
Q

socialist

A

gov;t is necessary to prompt justice and reduce economic and social inequality

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37
Q

political socialization

A

how ppl learn about politics and form their views

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38
Q

agents of socialization

A

social institutions that affect attitudes

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39
Q

trickle up effect

A

children can influence parents political views

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40
Q

influence of parents

A

parents can influence childrens political views depending on how much they talk about it and how consitent they are

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41
Q

motivated reasoning

A

theory about how we process and respond to info

42
Q

disconfirmation bias

A

putting more effort into counter arguing than supporting

43
Q

confirmation bias

A

seeking info that reinforces our own

44
Q

prior attiude

A

supporting arguments more than opposing arguments

45
Q

attributoin theory

A

something we observe can cause influence on attitudes

46
Q

elaboration

A

theory about how ppl process info and change attitudes

47
Q

effects of public opinion on policy

A

public opinion tends to lead to policy change

48
Q

effect of self-interest on attitudes

A

being apart of certain things can influence attitudes

49
Q

public opinion polls

A

scientific tool to measure public opinion

50
Q

simple random sample

A

everyone in population has equal change of being selected

51
Q

random digit dialing

A

polling method where ppl selected at random from phone number list to aviod bias in sampling

52
Q

sample error

A

change that sample being used does not accuratret represent population from it is drawn

53
Q

social desirability bias

A

respondent report what they think is socially acceptable response instead of what they actually believe or know as true

54
Q

selection bias

A

sample is not representative of population being studied

55
Q

bandwagon effect

A

occurs when polling results convince ppl to support candidate indentifies as probable victor

56
Q

media

A

forms of communication to convey info to large audience

57
Q

minimal effects

A

media has minimal effect on changing attitude but can reinforce existing attitude

58
Q

selective exposure

A

seeking out info that is same as our own

59
Q

why selective exporusre occures

A
  • social media
  • confirmation biad
  • avioding uncomfy feelings
  • likeability of sources
60
Q

agenda setting

A

presenting an issue more to make it seem more important than the others

61
Q

priming

A

presenting an issue as more important to evaulate a candidate

62
Q

framing

A

how info is presented

63
Q

limits on framing effects

A
  • credibility
  • effects are small
  • how long effect last
  • ## competing v single frames
64
Q

principled journalism

A
  • as accurate as possible
  • sources and multiple view points
65
Q

adversarial journalism

A
  • watchdog reporting
  • media adopts hostile posture toward gov’t and officals
66
Q

citizen journalism

A
  • news reporting and political commentary by ordinary citizens and by standers
  • wider range of voices
67
Q

opinion-drive journalism

A

digital blog with personal commentary and highly opinionated

68
Q

journalism of assertion

A

publishing info and opinion as fast as possible with minimal concern for info before

69
Q

journalism of affrimation

A

putting opinion and info consistent with consumers beliefs

70
Q

media monopolies

A

corporation that control media networks

71
Q

filter bubbles

A

online environment which platforms users are exposed primarily to opinions and info that confom to and reinforce beliefs as result of algorithms

72
Q

media echo chambers

A

users beliefs reinforce through repetition inside closed stem of commubication

73
Q

equal time rule

A

broadcasters must provide candidate for same political office with equal opportunites to communicate message to public

74
Q

right of rebuttal

A

requires ppl be given opportunity to respond to personal attacks

75
Q

political parties

A

organized groups that attempt to control gov’t by electing thier memebers

76
Q

parties in the electorarte

A

how mass public participates in party system

77
Q

parties as organization

A

formal structure of political party

78
Q

partisanship

A

identification with or support of particular party

79
Q

party identification

A

ppl sychological ties to a party

80
Q

ideology

A

set of beleifs about role of gov’t

81
Q

michigan school of thought

A
  • partisanship is attachment like identity
  • it can not change
  • partisanship influence policy
82
Q

revisionist approach

A
  • partisanship is evaluation of party issue
  • it changes all the time
  • policy influence partisanship
83
Q

proportional representation

A

multiple seats based on % of total vote share

84
Q

plurality system

A

whoever gets most votes win

85
Q

duvergers law

A
  • plurality and majority system
  • winner takes all
  • only 1
86
Q

affective polarization

A

emotional dislike of member of other party

87
Q

negative partisanship

A

ppl form their opinion against political party rather than in support of one

88
Q

retrospective voting

A

voting based on past performance of candidate

89
Q

independents

A

ppl not alligned with political party

90
Q

interest groups

A

organized groups that tries to influence policy

91
Q

pluralism

A
  • policts are competition between groups
  • groups represent different interest
  • outcomes are result of compromise
92
Q

elite theory

A
  • society divded among social class
  • group wiht more $ dominates
93
Q

collective goods

A

benifits sought by groups that are available and cannot be denied

94
Q

free riders

A

those who enjoy benifits o good but did not participare to get them

95
Q

informational benefits

A

provided though online communication

96
Q

material benefits

A

anything that can be measured monetarily

97
Q

solidary benefits

A

friendship and networking opportunities that membership provides as well as satisfactio nof working common goal

98
Q

purposive benefits

A

businesses joinging trade associations to further economic interests

99
Q

lobbying

A

trying to influence the decisions of gov’t official

100
Q

iron triangle

A
  • legislature
  • interst groups
  • gov’t agency
101
Q

issue network

A

loose network of interest groups, lawmakers, agencies, and experts

Pols 110 (2 decks)

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