Exam 2 (Roaring Twenties, New Deal, WWII)

Question 1

Prohibition

Answer 1

Established by the 18th Amendment in 1920. Enforced by an understaffed and extremely corrupt Federal Prohibition Bureau.

Question 2

Bootlegging

Answer 2

Organized crime rose in response to prohibition. This gave rise to a group of infamous gangsters wielding the new Tommy guns.

Question 3

Speakeasies

Answer 3

Illicit establishment that sold alcoholic beverages.

Question 4

St. Valentine’s Day Massacre (1929)

Answer 4

Slaughter of 7 men widely thought to be orchestrated by Al Capone.

Question 5

Al Capone

Answer 5

Infamous gangster who got away with numerous crimes until an income tax evasion charge finally stuck and gave him 10 years.

Question 6

Clara Bow

Answer 6

1920s actress known as “the it girl.”

Question 7

The Jazz Singer

Answer 7

The first film to have spoken audio.

Question 8

Emergency Immigration (Quota) Act of 1921

Answer 8

Passed out of fear that war-torn Europe would lead to a flow of immigrants to America. Heavily limited immigration.

Question 9

Immigration (National Origins) Act of 1924

Answer 9

Allowed Western and Northern European immigration, but restricted immigration from others.

Question 10

Five-Power Naval Treaty (1922)

Answer 10

Limited naval construction between the big five powers. Done to prevent an arms race.

Question 11

Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928)

Answer 11

States that signed onto the pact agreed to not use war to resolve disputes.

Question 12

Sacco Vanzetti

Answer 12

Italian immigrants who were probably unjustly convicted of murder. Representative of the larger nativism present in the U.S.

Question 13

Second Ku Klux Klan

Answer 13

National organization (~3 million) formed atop Stone Mountain. Not only anti-black but anti-Catholic, anti-Jewish, anti-Hispanic.

Question 14

Teapot Dome Scandal

Answer 14

Harding’s Sec. of the Interior took bribes from oil companies in exchange for leases. Albert Fall was imprisoned and fined.

Question 15

Scopes Trial

Answer 15

John Scopes broke Tennessee law by teaching Darwinian evolution. He was convicted, but the case was later overturned on a technicality.

Question 16

Harlem Renaissance

Answer 16

African-American cultural revolution in the 1920s. Hemingway, Cummings, Hughes.

Question 17

Marcus Garvey

Answer 17

Black nationalist who supported the mass immigration of blacks back to Africa. Leader of the Universal Negro Improvement Association. Convicted of mail fraud and deported.

Question 18

Birth of Radio

Answer 18

Spurred media and advertisement.

Question 19

Charles Lindbergh

Answer 19

First transatlantic solo flight, NYC to Paris, 1927. National hero/celebrity.

Question 20

Causes of the Great Depression

Answer 20

Grossly unequal distribution of income, agricultural depression of the 1920s, instability of the banking industry, defaults by European nations on their debts to the US.

Question 21

Black Tuesday

Answer 21

Major American stock market crash in October 1929 that led to the Great Depression.

Question 22

Hoovervilles

Answer 22

Homeless camps that the public blamed President Hoover’s inaction for.

Question 23

Reconstruction Finance Corporation

Answer 23

Federal agency that loaned money to banks, railroads, manufacturers, and mortgage companies.

Question 24

Bonus Army

Answer 24

In 1924, Congress voted to give WWI veterans a “cash bonus” in 1946; unemployed vets began demanding immediate payment in 1932 & marched to D.C.

Question 25

Election of 1932

Answer 25

Landslide election for Franklin Deleanor Roosevelt and his New Deal.

Question 26

Scottsboro Boys

Answer 26

Nine African-American teenagers accused of raping two white women. Example of lack of justice in the American legal system.

Question 27

Eleanor Roosevelt

Answer 27

First “activist” first lady, particularly as a champion for the impoverished, women, and minorities.

Question 28

Fireside Chats

Answer 28

A series of evening radio addresses given by FDR.

Question 29

First Hundred Days

Answer 29

Refers to spate of reform and emergency legislation passed by Congress at Roosevelt’s urging during his first 100 days in office.
This legislation made up most of the “First New Deal.”

Question 30

Emergency Banking Act

Answer 30

Permitted sound banks to reopen and provided money and managerial assistance to banks in trouble.

Question 31

Glass-Steagall Act

Answer 31

Created the FDIC to insure bank deposits up to $2,500. Separated commercial banking from investment banking (this clause was repealed in 1999).

Question 32

Civilian Conservation Corps

Answer 32

Provided conservation related jobs for young men aged 18-25.

Question 33

Agricultural Adjustment Acts

Answer 33

Paid landowning farmers to produce less crops or meat or poultry or dairy products. Declared unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in 1936.

Question 34

National Industrial Recovery Act

Answer 34

Helped businesses organize codes setting prices and minimum wage. Put people back to work at decent jobs, wages and working conditions. Declared unconstitutional in 1935.

Question 35

Tennessee Valley Authority

Answer 35

Created economic development in the TN Valley through flood control and cheap electricity.

Question 36

Works Progress Administration

Answer 36

Provided federal funding for public construction projects, arts programs, and other job creation programs that would also be of benefit to the public.

Question 37

Social Security Act

Answer 37

Old-age pensions. Unemployment and disability insurance (in conjunction with the states).

Question 38

National Labor Relations Act

Answer 38

Guaranteed labor unions the right to organize and engage in collective bargaining.

Question 39

Fair Labor Standards Act

Answer 39

Set a minimum wage of 40 cents/hour. Set the length of the work week at 40 hours and mandated overtime pay. Prohibited the employment of children under 16.

Question 40

Huey Long

Answer 40

Liberal critic of FDR. He was a lot more radical of a Democrat (confiscate money from Rich, UBI) than FDR and threatened to run against him.

Question 41

Francis Townsend

Answer 41

Proposal provided $200 a month to everyone 60 or older. The idea died out after Roosevelt created Social Security.

Question 42

Charles Coughlin

Answer 42

The best radio orator in America. Initially supported FDR but then became an ardent foe after he didn’t nationalize banks.

Question 43

Court Packing Plan

Answer 43

After his second inauguration, FDR proposed (without success) increasing the number of Supreme Court justices from 9 to 15. After this, however, the justices began shifting to pro-FDR.

Question 44

FDR’s Good Neighbor Policy

Answer 44

Pledged a policy of cooperation with and non-intervention in Latin American nations. Helped lead most Latin American nations to support the Allies in WWII.

Question 45

Nye Committee

Answer 45

Suggested that US entry into WWI had been unduly influenced by “merchants of death” (munitions makers) and bankers who loaned money to the Allies.

Question 46

Neutrality Acts

Answer 46

No sale or shipment of arms to belligerents, no loans or credits to belligerents, no travel by U.S. citizens on belligerents’ ships. Purchase of nonmilitary goods by belligerents to be paid in cash and transported in their own ships (cash-and-carry).

Question 47

Munich Pact

Answer 47

Agreement between Germany, Great Britain, and France: Germany could keep the Sudetenland but would make no further territorial demands.

Question 48

Lend-Lease Act

Answer 48

Allowed Great Britain (and other Allied nations) to make military purchases from the USA on credit.

Question 49

Atlantic Charter

Answer 49

Agreement between FDR and Churchill (UK) in which they agreed upon some mutual war aims, such as achieving peace, freedom of the seas, and establishing what in 1945 became the United Nations (UN).

Question 50

Japanese Attack on Pearl Harbor

Answer 50

2,400 Americans killed, 1,200 more wounded, 19 US Navy ships sunk or damaged. USA declared war on Japan, Dec. 8; at war with Germany and Italy by Dec. 11.

Question 51

Manhattan Project

Answer 51

Initiated in 1941 to develop and build atomic bombs.

Question 52

Battle of Midway

Answer 52

Turning point in June 1942 when the USA defeated Japan.

Question 53

Executive Orders 8802 & 9066

Answer 53

8802: Barred racial discrimination in hiring in defense industries. 9066: Ordered the relocation of 112,000 Japanese Americans to prison camps.

Question 54

D-Day

Answer 54

The Allies landed at Normandy, France (156,000 British, American, and Canadian troops).

Question 55

Yalta Conference

Answer 55

Soviet aid in the US’s war against Japan. Political figure of Germany & eastern Europe.

Question 56

Death of FDR

Answer 56

On April 12, FDR died; Truman became president. Truman was largely left in the dark and had little communication with FDR.

Question 57

Potsdam Conference

Answer 57

Germany and Berlin were divided into zones of Allied occupation.

Question 58

The Holocaust

Answer 58

Allied troops discovered concentration camps holding what was left of millions of Jews and other “undesirables.”

Question 59

Hiroshima & Nagasaki / The End of WWII

Answer 59

On July 26, 1945, Allied leaders delivered a surrender ultimatum to Japan that was rejected. President Truman was convinced that bomb’s use was an acceptable alternative to the horrific carnage of a U.S. invasion of Japan.