Exam 2 Review Guide Flashcards
What is the genre of the Gospels?
i. In antiquity – “a great announcement or proclamation”
ii. Early church – content of Christian preaching, “good news”
iii. Ancient biography (“bioi”) – an account of a great person’s life
1. Show qualities
2. Encourage others to intimidate them
How would you describe the gospels?
- The Gospels describe the life of Jesus in four different perspectives
What are the gospels?
- Matthew
- Mark
- Luke
- John
What are the purposes of the gospels?
- To share the story of Jesus’ life
What is an apocryphal gospel?
- Tells the story of the life of Jesus, his family, and his disciples
- Any non-canonical work that relates to the life of Jesus
Examples of apocryphal gospels
- Gospel of Andrew
- Gospel of Barnabus
What are the Synoptic Gospels?
- Matthew
- Mark
- Luke
What does “Synoptic” mean?
- Containing much of the same material
- Synopsis
What percentage of John is not found in the synoptics?
- 90%
- Technically more, but a good percentage to work with
What is meant by Markan Priority?
i. Mark is considered to be the oldest Gospel
ii. Matthew and Luke are based off of Mark (supposedly)
1. They used it as a source
What is “Q”?
i. Explaining the stories that appear in Matthew and Luke but not Mark
ii. Quell; a German word early scholars
iii. Source material not found in Mark
What is the “Four Source Hypothesis”?
i. A way to explain the writing of the synoptics
ii. Four separate sources that the authors drew on
What are the four sources and how would you diagram them as they are related to the Gospels of Matthew and Luke?
i. Mark
ii. Q
iii. M Matthew’s source that no one else is using
iv. L Luke’s source that no one else is using
What is a parable?
i. Short stories about everyday life that had a deeper moral or spiritual significance
How do we read parables?
i. You cannot say that everything in a parable symbolizes something else
ii. Parables do not have one specific meaning
iii. Understand who the original audience was
Know the various major periods of Jesus’ life
i. Birth and Early Years
1. Matthew and Luke
ii. Baptism and Temptation
iii. Beginning of the Galilee Ministry
1. Healings, Exorcisms
iv. Growing Popularity
1. Religious leaders, claims to authority
2. As popularity grows, conflict grows
v. Growing Opposition
vi. Setting His Face Towards Jerusalem
vii. Arrest, Trial, and Crucifixion
viii. Burial and Resurrection
Who were the authors of the Gospels?
- Matthew
- Mark
- Luke
- John
What are some facts about the authors of the Gospels?
i. Matthew – a tax collector who became a disciple of Jesus
ii. John Mark – not one of the twelve; connected to Peter and Paul
What is the connection between Peter and the Gospel According to Mark?
i. Author: John Mark
1. Not one of the 12 disciples
2. The Mark in Acts being connected to Peter, Paul, and Barnabus
3. Reporting the experiences of Peter being with Jesus
4. Peter’s sermons about Jesus
What does external evidence and internal evidence mean as it relates to the Gospel and Acts?
i. Internal Evidence
1. In the book itself
2. Genealogy, connection to Moses
a. Connection to others and the OT
ii. External Evidence
1. Any information we get from the source outside from the book itself
What can we learn from the different books just from reading them?
- We can learn a different perspective of Jesus’ life and see how he related to the people and saved them from their sins
What are the themes of each Gospel?
- Matthew - proving that Jesus Christ is the Messiah
- Mark - Son of God, Son of Man, Jesus Christ is Lord; Jesus’ ministry
- Luke - relation to the Old Testament
- John - believe and follow Jesus; he will bring eternal life
What are the distinctive of each Gospel?
- Matthew - emphasizes Jewish tradition
- Mark - secrecy
- Luke - begins with a prologue
- John - testimonies
Jesus’ teachings had the most in common with the teachings of which group?
- The Pharisees
Across all four Gospels, what topic did Jesus teach on the most?
- The Kingdom of God and the Kingdom of Heaven
What did Jesus call himself the most?
- The Son of Man
What was the significance of Jesus calling himself that?
i. A strong sense of discipleship
ii. We are called to suffer as Jesus did
iii. Take part in the glory
How does Matthew portray Jesus?
i. As the Messiah, the Jewish Messiah who is fulfilling the Old Testament Law and Prophecies
What does “fulfillment” mean in the Gospel of Matthew?
- He fulfilled the OT prophecy
What are some of the ways that Matthew’s Gospel presents Jesus as the new Moses?
i. Killing of baby (Hebrew) boys at their birth
ii. Fleeing to Egypt
iii. Emphasis on the Law preaching and teaching
iv. Going up the mountain and teaching
v. The structure of Matthew
1. Birth Narrative Passion
2. 5 discourses in between long speeches
a. 5 is connected to the Pentateuch
What evidence is there in Matthew’s genealogy and in other places, that although Matthew is a very “Jewish” gospel, he still wants us to understand that Jesus came to redeem the Gentiles as well?
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How does Mark portray Jesus?
i. The son of man who represents the suffering figure who dies to bring salvation to the world
What is the “messianic secret”?
- The idea that Jesus did not want people to know that he was the Messiah
Why does Jesus speak in parables in the Gospel of Mark?
- Earthly story with a heavenly meaning
How does Luke portray Jesus?
i. A universal view of Jesus
ii. A sense of Jesus coming to all nations and ethnicities
What does the Lukan Prologue tell us about Luke’s methods in writing his gospel?
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What does the Lukan Prologue tell us about the Gospels in general?
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Who was Theophilus?
i. We do not know
ii. Two theories
1. Luke’s patron – the person who Luke worked for; commissioned Luke to research information about Jesus to deal with the reliability of what they’ve heard
2. Break it down into Greek: “Theo” = God; “Philus” = Love/ “Lover of God”; could be a symbol for all of the Christians of the world
Be able to discuss the ways in which Luke’s Gospel focuses on women
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Be able to list and explain the situation of two or three women in the Gospel of Luke.
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Be able to discuss the ways in which John presents Jesus as speaking to His listeners on a “spiritual” level, but they hear and understand Him on a “physical” level.
i. Dualism: two contrasting worldviews
1. Light/Darkness
2. Love/Hate
3. Above/Below
4. Spiritual/Earthly
5. Truth/Falsehood
ii. Misunderstanding
iii. People confused; talking about something spiritual but people interpreting it from an earthly mindset
What are some of the ways that John’s Gospel differs from the Synoptic Gospels?
i. No Baptism, Transfiguration, Exorcisms, no parables
ii. Many miracles that are not in the Synoptics
1. Turning water into wine
2. Raising Lazarus from the dead
3. Washing the feet of the disciples
iii. Synoptics focus on Jesus going to Jerusalem for the last time; John shows the multiple festivals that he went to
iv. Timeline of Jesus’ ministry was based on the accounts from John
How has the Gospel of John been divided and why?
i. The Book of Signs
1. 7 Signs significant number
2. Called this because it shows the signs of the Messiah
3. Point to Jesus’ identity
4. Show that he is who he says he is
5. Showed his glory and the glory of the Father
6. Goal was to provoke faith
ii. The Book of Glory
1. Jesus’ glory is completely revealed
2. Moves towards the cross
3. Full glory is revealed in his death and resurrection
What are the “I am” statements?
i. 7 statements
1. Vine
2. Good Shepard
3. Resurrection and the Life
4. Bread of Life
5. Light of the World
6. Door of the Sheep
7. Way, truth, and life
ii. Uses objects that people can relate to
iii. Brings it back to Exodus 3 (God reveals himself to Moses in the burning bush)
iv. Puts Jesus on the level with God
Overall portrayal in John
- The son reveals the father
Who wrote Acts?
- Luke
Why has Acts been called “The Acts of the Holy Spirit” or the “The Acts of Peter and Paul” or “Some Acts of Some Apostles”?
i. Is it the acts of the Apostles or the Holy Spirit
ii. The Holy Spirit works throgh everyone
Why have these titles been suggested?
- Opinion
Augustus
i. Caesar Augustus
ii. The Roman Emperor when Jesus was born
Herod the Great
i. The king of Judea when Jesus was born
ii. Massacre of the babies
Tiberius
i. The Roman emperor during Jesus’ ministry
John the Baptist
i. Prepares the way of the Lord in the Scriptures
Herod Antipas
i. The King of Judea when Jesus was doing his ministry
ii. Kills John the Baptist
Pontius Pilate
i. The man who called for the death of Jesus through crucifixion
Peter
- First portion of Acts
- In Jerusalem
Paul
- Second portion of Acts
- Missionary journeys
Barnabus and Silas
- Travel companions of Paul
According to Peter in Acts 2, the coming of the Spirit on the Day of Pentecost fulfills the prophecy of what OT prophet?
- Joel
How does the Book of Acts demonstrate its “outline” in Acts 1:8, “Jerusalem, Judea, Samaria, the Ends of the Earth”?
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In what two cities does Acts begin and end, and why is this significant?
- Jerusalem and Rome
According to Acts, on how many missionary journeys did Paul embark?
- Four
What happened at the Jerusalem Council in Acts 15?
- Gentiles did not have to observe the Mosaic laws of the Jews
Who were the two major apostles in the Book of Acts?
- Peter and Paul
Paraclete
- The Holy Spirit will continue to work in people even after Jesus is gone
Realized Eschatology
- We have a relationship and access to God
- Focus on the present and the now
The World (according to John)
- The realm controlled by Satan
- They are actively opposed to Jesus
