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Theory 2 > Exam 2 Review > Flashcards

Exam 2 Review Flashcards

1
Q

Physical dependence

A

Withdraw

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2
Q

Tolerance

A

State of adaptation which results in decreased drug effect over time.

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3
Q

Addiction

A

Chronic neurological & biological disease w/ impaired control over drug use, compulsive use, continued use despite harm.

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4
Q

Opioids

A

Adverse effects: constipation, nausea, vomiting, sedation, respiratory depression, urinary retention

SLOWS EVERYTHING DOWN

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5
Q

Post-op diet

A

Protein
ZAnC…ED
Zinc, vitamins A,C, E, & D

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6
Q

Emergency consent

A

Two signatures from doctors not involved in case

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7
Q

Restlessness in post-op.

A

HYPOXIA - unless otherwise states

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8
Q

Brain functions altered by mental illness & psychotropic medications

A

Maintenance of homeostasis

Regulation of ANS & hormones

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9
Q

Dopamine (neurotransmitter/monoamines)

A

Decrease: Parkinson’s disease & depression
Increase: schizophrenia, mania

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10
Q

Norepinephrine (neurotransmitter/monoamines)

A

Decrease: depression
Increase: anxiety attacks

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11
Q

Serotonin (neurotransmitter/monoamines)

A

Decreased: depression
Increase: anxiety attacks

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12
Q

Histamine (neurotransmitter/monoamines)

A

High levels associated w/ anxiety & depression

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13
Q

Gamma-Amino Butyric Acid (neurotransmitter)

A

Decrease: anxiety disorders, schizophrenia, mania, Huntington chorea
Increase: reduction of anxiety, schizophrenia, & mania

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14
Q

Glutamate

A

The major mediator of excitatory signals in the CNS

Involved in most aspects of normal brain function, including cognition, memory, & learning.

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15
Q

Cholinergics

A

Acetylcholine
Increase: depression
Decrease: Alzheimer’s disease, Huntington chorea, Parkinson’s disease

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16
Q

Neurotransmitter (peptides-neuromodulators)

A

Substance P - regulations of moof & anxiety
Role in pain management
Somatostatin - decrease: Alzheimer’s
Increase: Huntington disease
Neurotensin- decrease levels in CSF of pt. w/
schizophrenia.

17
Q

Antidepressant drugs - monoamines oxidase.

inhibitors

A

Catecholamines: norepinephrine, epinephrine,
Dopamine
Indolamines: serotonin

18
Q

Monoamines oxidase

A

Enzymes that destroys monoamines

19
Q

Monoamines oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)

A

Drugs that increase concentrations of monoamines by inhibiting MAO

20
Q

Anti-depressant drugs : monoamine oxidase inhibitors

A

Phenelzine (Nardil)
Tranylcypromine (parnate)

TYRAMINE RESTRICTION

21
Q

Tricycle (Cyclic) antidepressant (TCAs)

A

Amitriptylylene (Elavil), Nortriptyline (Pamelor)

Increase norepinephrine
Side effect - anticholinergic effects

22
Q

Selective serotonin reputake inhibitors (SSRIs)

A

Fluoxetine (Prozac), Sertaline (Zoloft), paroxetine (Paxil)

Increase serotonin

23
Q

Serotonin norepinephrine disinhibitors (SNDIs)

A

Mirtazapine (remeron)

Increase serotonin & norepinephrine

24
Q

Serotonin antagonist/reuptake inhibitors (NRIs)

A

Atomextine (strattera)

Treat ADHD when stimulants not tolerated.

25
Q

Norepinephrine dopamine reuptake inhibitors (NDRIs)

A

Bupropion (Wellbutrin)

Do not act on serotonin system

26
Q

Lithium

A

Stabilizes depression & mania
Narrow therapeutic index
Potential for toxicity
Tremor, ataxia, confusion,convulsions, & N/V
>1.5 toxic
Level drawn 12 hours after last dose
Can cause fluid shift because Li is a salt

27
Q

Antipsychotic drugs/first generation agents (FGA)

A 
-“ine”
Adverse reactions
  Dystopia - muscle stiffness
  Akathisia - restlessness
  Tardive dyskinesia
  Drug induced Parkinson’s 
  Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
  Orthostatic hypotension

Positive symptoms schizophrenia

28
Q

Second generation (AGA) atypical antipsychotic drugs

A

Target + & - symptoms of schizophrenia
“-done”
“-pine”

29
Q

Depersonalization disorder

A

Feeling unreal, detached, outside of body, dreamlike, numb

30
Q

Dissociative amnesia

A

Psychologically induced memory loss.

Severe stressor

31
Q

Dissociative amnesia w/ fugue

A

Unexpected travel

32
Q

Dissociative identity disorder

A

Multiple personality

33
Q

Neutrophils

A 
Largest % 
Initial attack
Granualocyte
Neutral - 50%
Neutralize
Shifting - left shift
Pus - yellowish white
34
Q

Eosinophils

A

Excrete

Allergic reaction

35
Q

Basophils

A

1% - least amount
Base
General/allergic

36
Q

Monocytes

A

Becomes macrophage

phage means eat

37
Q

T-Cells

A

Directly attacking

T-boning

38
Q

B-cells

A

Synthesizing antibody response

Natural killer

Theory 2 (4 decks)

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