Exam 2 review

Question 1

List the sediment stains used in UA

Answer 1

• Sternheimer-Malbin
• Toluidine blue
• 2% NaOH
• Lipid stains (Sudan)
• Gram stain
• Hansel stain
• Prussian blue stain

Question 2

Sternheimer-Malbin

Answer 2

• Distinguishes btwn nucleus and cytoplasm
• Used for WBC epithelial cells, and casts (purple)
• Fats NOT stained

Question 3

Toluidine blue

Answer 3

• Enhances nuclear detail
• Differs between RBCS and RTE cells

Question 4

2% acetic acid

Answer 4

• Lyses RBCS and enhances nuclei of WBCs
• Differ btwn RBCs and WBCs/yeast, oil droplets, and crystals
• RBCs lyse/disappear and the others don’t

Question 5

Lipid stains: Oil Red O and Sudan III

Answer 5

• Stains triglycerides and neutral fats orange-red
• Identifies free fat droplets and lipid-containing cells and casts

Question 6

Gram stain

Answer 6

• Stains bacteria
• ID bacterial casts (red or purple)

Question 7

Hansel stain

Answer 7

• Differ btwn eosinophils from other WBC
• ID eosinophils (reddish)

Question 8

Prussian blue stain

Answer 8

• Stains iron-containing structures
• ID hemosiderin (blue)

Question 9

Brightfield microscopy

Answer 9

• Routine urinalysis
• Dark object against white background

Question 10

Phase-contrast microscopy

Answer 10

• Enhances low refractive objects such as hyaline casts, mucous, etc
• Hallmark is halos surrounding objects

Question 11

Polarizing microscopy

Answer 11

Uses property of birefringence to ID cholesterol lipids and crystals

Question 12

Interference-contrast microscopy

Answer 12

• 3D image
• Shows fine structural detail
• Bright object against dark background

Question 13

Dark-field microscopy

Answer 13

• Bright object against dark background
• ID Treponema pallidum (syphilis)