Exam 2 Review

Question 1

Transcription goes from ____ to _____

Answer 1

DNA to RNA

Question 2

The human genome has _____ base pairs total and ____ from each parent

Answer 2

6 billion, 3 billion

Question 3

The human genome has _____ protein coding genes

Answer 3

22,000

Question 4

How many genes are there per million bc on the human genome?

Answer 4

7 genes, very spread out

Question 5

The central dogma explains the connection between….

Answer 5

Genotype and phenotype

Question 6

Genotype

Answer 6

DNA sequence (what’s encoded)

Question 7

Phenotype

Answer 7

Presentation of proteins (what you can see)

Question 8

During translation, the template strand is read…

Answer 8

From 3’ to 5’

Question 9

Transcription creates _____ sequence that is _____ to the ____ strand and has the same sequence as the ____ strand.

Answer 9

ssRNA, complementary, template, coding

Question 10

Transcription copies ____ sized sections (about ____ bp)

Answer 10

Gene, 2000

Question 11

Gene expression can be regulated at _____

Answer 11

All levels

Question 12

Not all genes are _____ in every cell

Answer 12

Transcribed

Question 13

About ___ or ____ are expressed in every cell

Answer 13

1/2, fewer

Question 14

Not all genes are transcribed in ____ _____

Answer 14

Equal amounts

Question 15

RNA polymerase does not need a ____

Answer 15

primer

Question 16

RNA polymerase uses _____ _____

Answer 16

Ribonucleotide triphosphates

Question 17

Ribonucleotide triphosphates breaks off ___ _______ to form ______ _____

Answer 17

2 phosphates, phosphodiester bond

Question 18

RNA polymerase….

Answer 18

Unwinds DNA in small transcription bubble (does not need help ask)

Question 19

RNA is _____ stranded and is much less ____

Answer 19

Single, stable

Question 20

RNA has an ____ on the ___ _____

Answer 20

-OH, 2’ carbon (instead of -H in DNA)

Question 21

RNA contains ____ instead of Thymine

Answer 21

Uracil

Question 22

Certain RNA can ____ on itself via _____ _____ ______

Answer 22

Fold, complementary base pairing

Question 23

RNA folding via complementary base pairing improves ____ and is done by _____, ____, and ____ ____

Answer 23

Stability, tRNAs, rRNA, and splicing RNA

Question 24

The promoter sequence is ____

Answer 24

DNA

Question 25

The promoter sequence is located….

Answer 25

Upstream of the txn start site

Question 26

The promoter sequence binds….

Answer 26

Core or basal transcription factors

Question 27

TATA box is located at ___ and is recognized by _____

Answer 27

-30, TBP (TATA binding protein - part of TFIID)

Question 28

Dephosphorylated RNA polymerase is binded by…

Answer 28

the promoter sequence

Question 29

The enhancer/switch is…

Answer 29

DNA

Question 30

The enhancer/switch can be located….

Answer 30

Upstream or downstream

Question 31

The enhancer/switch binds…

Answer 31

Activators (proteins) in response to environmental signals (transcription activators)

Question 32

The mediator interacts with…

Answer 32

All transcription factors

Question 33

The mediator is not always _____

Answer 33

Necessary

Question 34

Once all factors are assembled, RNA Polymerase is _______, which begins _____

Answer 34

Phosphorylated, transcription

Question 35

RNA polymerase transcribes until….

Answer 35

It falls off

Question 36

RNA polymerase usually passes the ____ of the gene

Answer 36

End

Question 37

____ strand of the DNA can be used as the template (but always in the ___ to ___ direction; depends on where the ____ is

Answer 37

Either, 3’ to 5’, promoter

Question 38

_____ factors interact with ____

Answer 38

Remodeling, histones

Question 39

Remodeling factors can shift _____, modify _____, or remove it ______

Answer 39

Nucleosomes, histones, completely

Question 40

RNA processing improves _____

Answer 40

Stability

Question 41

The 5’ cap is also known as the…

Answer 41

Methylguanine cap

Question 42

The polyA tail is a sequence of….

Answer 42

Repeated A’s added to the end to protect from RNase

Question 43

____ factors, ____ factors, and _____ factors attached to ____ ___ ___ and utilize attached ____ ____

Answer 43

Splicing, capping, PolyA, RNA pol tail, phosphate groups

Question 44

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