Exam 2 Review Flashcards
The biological species concept is inadequate for grouping:
Asexual organisms
The figure seen here can represent which of the following:
Adaptive radiation, Cladogenesis
A defining characteristic of allopatric speciation is:
Geographic isolation
An ecological niche is best defined as:
An organism’s use of the abiotic and biotic resources in its environment
Exponential growth is seen in which of the following situations?
a. Reintroduction of a species to a habitat
b. In r-selected species
c. Recovery of a species from overhunting
d. Species not affected by density-dependent factors
Reintroduction of a species to a habitat, In r-selected species, Recovery of a species from overhunting, Species not affected by density-dependent factors
Based on the intermediate disturbance hypothesis, some communities’ species diversity is increased by:
Moderate levels of disturbance
The occurrence of meta populations tends to:
Increase the range of a population.
The sesiid moth is a harmless insect that has coloration and wing patterns similar to the hornet wasp, which is an unpalatable and dangerous organism. This is an example of:
Batesian Mimicry
Which best illustrates a population:
a. All of the animals and plants in a forest
b. Sea otters and harbor seals in Yakutat bay, off the coast of Alaska
c. Sea otters in Yakutat bay, Southeast Alaska
d. Sea otters, harbor seals, walruses, and whales
e. All of the animals in the arctic tundra
Sea otters in Yakutat bay, Southeast Alaska
Reproductive trade-offs exist because resources are limited. A bird that lays many eggs is likely to lay _______ eggs than a bird that lays few eggs. If a bird lays many eggs one season, it is likely to lay ________ eggs the following year.
Smaller; fewer
Although crowded together at high tide, shorebirds begin to sort themselves out into preferred feeding habitats as the tide recedes. Least Sandpipers remain on drier, algae-covered mud; beyond them, Red Knots and Dunlins concentrate on bare, wet mud. Farther out, the long-legged Short-billed Dowitchers wade while rapidly probing the mud beneath the shallow water, accompanied by Greater Yellowlegs skimming prey from the water surface or swinging their bills back and forth to snare small fishes. On sandy, wave-washed soils Sanderlings dash nimbly back and forth at the very edge of the ebb and flow, probing the sand for tiny shrimp-like crustaceans
Resource partitioning
When spatial distribution of a population is such that individuals are in close proximity to each other in order to be close to resources, the most likely pattern would be
Clumped
Which of the following organisms would be the “pioneers” of an old abandoned farm land that is undergoing succession?
Weeds
The world is green, despite the many primary consumers feeding on plants, as a result of:
Plant defenses against herbivores such as noxious chemicals, spines, thorns, hairs, prickles, etc., low nutrient supply contained in plants which usually limit herbivores., abiotic factors such as unfavorable seasonal changes in temperature and moisture., factors such as competition, disease, parasitism, and predation that keep herbivores in check.
The _____________________ of an environment is determined solely by the availability of resources in the environment. It represents the maximum sustainable population size in an environment. In this respect, it is a feature of the habitat, not of the population.
Carrying capacity
Colonial bentgrass (Agrostis capillarus) grows in contaminated soil along metal mines in South Wales as well as in non-contaminated soils. The bentgrass that has adapted to the contaminated soils can no longer inhabit the non-contaminated soils. Which type of speciation is occurring in this case?
Sympatric
The principle of _________________________________ states that two species cannot occupy identical niches.
Competitive exclusion
________________________ is a measure of an ecosystem’s sunlight and precipitation and an indicator of biodiversity
Evapotranspiration
Species diversity is measured by the ____________________________, which is the total number of different species; and by the
____________________________, which is proportion each species represents.
Species richness; abundance
A type of nematode develops within a fungus and is dispersed along with the fungal spores. The nematodes land on the vegetation to be eaten by deer. The fungus are the nematode’s ____________________________ host, while the deer are considered the nematode’s ____________________________ host.
Intermediate/secondary; final/primary
In a tide pool, 15 species of invertebrates were reduced to eight after one species was removed. The species removed can be considered a(n):
Keystone species
A ______________________ is defined as populations of different species that interact with each other in a given area.
Community
When studying population dynamics, ecologists measure additions to the population as a function of births plus immigration and loss of individuals to the population as a function of deaths plus
Emigration
From 2008-2011, scientists studying the Northern fur seal populations off the coast of Alaska at the Polovina cliffs Rookery in St. Paul’s Island tagged females and tracked their survivorship and age-specific fertility. They found the following: ∑lxmx=0.79. What can you say about the population’s growth during that period of time?
It is declining
