Exam 2 Review Flashcards
What happened in the Peloponnesian war?
consult notes
Reasons for Peloponnesian war?
Arguments:
BoP, Bipolarity, Regime Type, Free-riding, and National Culture
BOP explanation for P war
States were worried about power shifts, so they entered the war.
Bipolarity explanation for P war
2 big states are more prone to war.
(Athens and Sparta)
Regime Type explanation for P war
Non democracy vs Democracy
(Limited bc Athens wasn’t a true democracy considering only rich men could vote)
Free-riding explanation for P war
Athens did not believe that Sparta allies would help so they were just going to free ride (they were wrong)
National Culture starting p war
Sparta seen as warrior society who goes to war, so obviously they would go to war, Weak because they were reluctant and last state to join.
Why is it important to apply theories?
Because when you apply and deep dive many of them break down.
Which theories tend to hold up better?
Power theories
Feudal system
Power and sovereignty were divided, overlapping, and shared sovereignty b/w pope, prince, and holy roman emperor.
Pope
sovereign over religious matters
Prince
local leader and in charge of domestic or civil affairs
Holy Roman Emperor
in charge of foreign affairs and foreign policy
Treaty of Westphalia (1648)
established sovereignty, international binding treaty, state legal equality, and non-intervention.
-ended thirty years war
-marked decline of feudal system and increase of modern system.
-Power shifted to pope, rise of strong states and mass armies.
How did the rise of strong states and mass armies happen after treaty of Westphalia?
International trade and taxation allowed economic increase and money to fund the army which led to a bureaucracy structure and big armies which led to massive power.
Dominant states during modern system
Austria-Hungary (roman empire), Russia, Sweden, Spain
19th century main themes
- Change in BOP
- Rapid Rise of Germany and Japan
- Territorial expansion/ Imperialism
- Peace and Stability
19th century change in bop theme
1815 France and Napolean fall, British power begins to rise. England dominates world as hedgominc. Industrialization allowed for military and political power and strong navy increased trade.
19th century rapid rise of Germany and Japan theme
Industrialization at a rapid pace and Japan defeated Russia which helped them gain legitimacy
19th century theme of territorial expansion (imperialism)
-before 1870’s imperialism was always economic and forcing other states to do business.
-after 1870’s imperialism was actually conquering land.
late forming states conquered colonies in Africa to make up for lost time and become powerful.
Why do states use imperialism?
- Power (realist pov) to gain resources/territory for power.
- Superiority (constructivism pov) belief that they tried to spread their superior culture to help inferior culture
- Colonial conquest. wanted mote territory
- Conquer new lands to keep capital system (Marxist Pov) bringing in new materials to keep state growing
19th Century Peace and Stability theme
after 1815 there were no international wars. Rise of Marxist left so leaders of the world feared revolution in non-democratic states so states in international system avided war and cooperated.
Congress system in peace and stability era
after 1815. Major powers came together in congress meetings to avoid conflict. Constant summit meetings of leaders using diplomacy to work through issues.
Arms race (dyadic level argument)
2 states continually engaging in rapid and uncommon increases to military spending