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Exercise Physiology > Exam 2 Review > Flashcards

Exam 2 Review Flashcards

1
Q

What are the electrical gradient changes that cause an action potential?

A

-55, -70, 30, -90, -70

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2
Q

What system is in charge of sending signals from your brain to your muscles? What system transmits signals to your brain?

A
  • efferent system
  • afferent system
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3
Q

What is the circuit for blood through the heart?

A
  • Deoxygenated blood: enters the heart through the vena cava -> RA -> tricuspid valve -> RV -> pulmonary valve -> pulmonary arteries -> lungs
  • Oxygenated blood: lungs -> pulmonary veins -> LA -> mitral valve -> LV -> aortic valve -> aorta
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4
Q

How does blood move through the arteries?

A

by the heart beating, and secondarily due to the arteries themselves b/c they can also contract a bit

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5
Q

How does blood move through the veins?

A

skeletal muscles, and one-way valves that prevent the backflow

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6
Q

What do each of the waves of an EKG mean?

A
  • P wave: atrial depolarization/contraction
  • QRS complex: ventricular depolarization/contraction
  • ST segment: ventricular repolarization/relaxation
  • T wave: ventricular repolarization/relaxation
  • PR interval: AV delay
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7
Q

What is the order of electrical signals going through the heart?

A
  • SA node, AV node, bundle of His, Purkinje fibers
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8
Q

What are the rates of each electrical point of the heart?

A
  • SA node: 60-100 bpm
  • AV node: 40-60
  • bundle of His: 25-40
  • Purkinje fibers: 25-40
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9
Q

What branch of the nervous system is your upper system? What branch does the opposite?

A
  • sympathetic
  • parasympathetic
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10
Q

Golgi tendon organs

A
  • reflex response
  • are sensitive to tension in the tendon
  • inhibits APs to the muscles, causes 0% contraction/complete relaxation
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11
Q

Muscle spindles

A
  • reflex response
  • sensitive to muscle length and rate of change
  • directly stimulate the muscle, cause 100% contraction/full contraction
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12
Q

Anterior pituitary gland

A

releases growth hormone
- stimulates muscle growth, builds tissues and organs, anabolic hormone, stimulates fat metabolism

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13
Q

Thyroid gland

A

T3 and T4
- metabolic rates of all tissues, protein synthesis, glucose uptake by cells

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14
Q

Adrenal gland

A

Epinephrine and cortisol
- epi is the main hormone in the sympathetic system
- cortisol is the stress hormone that stimulates gluconeogenesis

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15
Q

Kidneys

A

target for ADH, and secrete EPO and renin
- EPO (erythropoietin) promotes production of RBS, increasing the amount of O2 that can be carried, but can also thicken the blood

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16
Q

Pancreas

A

insulin and glucagon
- insulin: lowers blood sugar, moves it from the blood to the muscles
- glucagon: raises blood sugar, moves it from the muscles to the blood

17
Q

What is the BMI formula?
What are each of the BMI classifications?

A
  • kg/m^2
  • Underweight: less than 18.5
  • Normal weight: 18.5-24.9
  • Overweight: 25-29.9
  • Obese: 30+
  • Obese 2: 35+
  • Morbidly obese: 40+
18
Q

What is the female athlete triad?

A

eating disorders lead to menstrual disorders lead to bone disorders

19
Q

What is the recommended macronutrient balance for each macronutrient?

A
  • carb: 55-60% of daily kilocals
  • fat: <35% of daily kilocals
  • protein: 10-15% of daily kilocals
20
Q

What is the carb and protein intake based on body weight?

A
  • 1.2-1.7 g/kg protein
  • for power is 2.2 g/kg protein
  • 3-12 g/kg carb
21
Q

How many calories per gram for each macro?

A
  • carbs: 4.1 kcal/g
  • fats: 9.4 kcal/g
  • protein: 4.1 kcal/g
22
Q

What is the most important amino acid for building muscle?

A

Leucine, causes hypertrophy

23
Q

What is an antioxidant?

A

kills free radicals in the body, which are chemicals with negative charges that are looking to connect to things and mutate
- essentially results in cancer

24
Q

What is vitamin C’s main function?

A

providing nutrients for Krebs cycle, essentially allows you to have more energy/ATP

25
Q

How many liters of blood do you have? Male and Female.

A
  • male: 5-6 L
  • female: 4-5 L
26
Q

What is the basic concept of carb loading?

A
  • 6-4 days before event: normal CHO
  • 3-1 days before event: high/double CHO diet
    • causes glycogen stores in muscle to double
  • on event day, you’ll have an avg. 4,000 calories stored

Exercise Physiology (4 decks)

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