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*A&P II test 1 questions > exam 2 ( Respiratory and lymphatic) > Flashcards

exam 2 ( Respiratory and lymphatic) Flashcards

1
Q

Which cytokine is responsible for activating T- cells, increases secretion of cytokines and leads to fever?

A. Colony stimulating factors (CSTs)
B. Interferons
C. Interleukin -1
D. Interleukin - 2

A

C. Interleukin -1

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2
Q

Which of the following does not describe inspiration?
A. Atmospheric pressure is lower than thoracic cavity (lung) pressure
B. The diaphragm contracts increasing the size of the thoracic cavity
C. Recoil of the membranes of their original position
D. Contraction of the external intercostals muscles
E. More than one above

A

E. More than one above

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3
Q

____________ represent the site of gas exchange, while ____________ are responsible for the production of surfactant.
A. Type II Alveolar cells ; Type I Alveolar cells
B. Type I Alveolar cells ; Type I Alveolar cells
C. Type I Alveolar cells ; Type II Alveolar cells
D. None of the above are correct

A

C. Type I Alveolar cells ; Type II Alveolar cells

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4
Q

Expiratory reserve volume (ERV) is defined as:

A. maximum amount of air that can be moved into the lungs
B. maximum amount of air that can be moved into and out of the lungs after tidal volume
C. volume moved in or out of lungs during a normal respiratory cycle
D. maximum amount of air that can be moved out of the lungs
E. none of the above

A

D. maximum amount of air that can be moved out of the lungs

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5
Q

Which of the following does not describes a lymph node?

A. Contain B and T- lymphocytes
B. Filtering of lymph to remove foreign debris
C. composed of red and white pulp
D. considered a primary organ
E. more than one above
A

E. more than one above

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6
Q

Which of the following is not a suggested cause of autoimmune disorders?

A. Faulty T- cell development
B. Reaction to a non-self antigen that is similar in structure to a self- antigen
C. Previous viral infection
D. All of the above are causes

A

D. All of the above are causes

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7
Q

Which of the following best describes the pathway that air travels through the upper respiratory system?

A. Nasal cavity, larynx, pharynx, trachea, primary bronchi
B. Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, primary bronchi
C. Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, esophagus, primary bronchi
D. Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, secondary bronchi

A

B. Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, primary bronchi

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8
Q

Which of the following types of T- cells assists in activating other T- cells and B- cells?

A. Helper T- cells
B. Cytotoxic T- cells
C. Natural Killer cells
D. All of the above

A

A. Helper T- cells

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9
Q

Which of the following best describes the antibody IgM?

A. Promotes an allergic reaction via the release of histamine
B. Involved with incompatible blood transfusions
C. Found on the surface of most B- lymphocytes and acts in B- cell activating
D. Crosses the placental membrane
E. None of the above

A

B. Involved with incompatible blood transfusions

*“mmmm you fucked up..”

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10
Q

The spleen is composed of _______ which contain many sinuses and ________ which contains lymphocytes around a blood vessel

A. white pulp; red pulp
B. red pulp; white pulp
C. cortex; medulla
D. medulla; cortex

A

B. red pulp; white pulp

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11
Q

The movement of oxygen from the capillary into the cells of the body is seen during:

A. external respiration
B. internal respiration
C. cellular respiration
D. pulmonary ventilation

A

B. internal respiration

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12
Q

Which of the following best describes external respiration?

A. Partial pressure of oxygen is higher in the capillaries than the tissue
B. Partial pressure of carbon is higher in the capillaries than the tissue
C. Partial pressure of oxygen is lower in the tissue than the capillaries
D. Both A and C
E. All of the above describe external respiration

A

B. Partial pressure of carbon is higher in the capillaries than the tissue

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13
Q

Which of the following is not true of the lymphatic system?

A. Is a closed system
B. Use valves to ensure flow in one direction
C. Carry fluid under low pressure
D. All of the above are true of the lymphatic system

A

A. Is a closed system

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14
Q

Which of the following is commonly known as the body’s “ first line of defense?”

A. Mechanical barriers
B. Fever
C.T and B lymphocytes
D. Chemical barriers

A

A. Mechanical barriers

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15
Q

Carbon dioxide is predominantly transported in which form?

A. Bicarbonate ions
B. Carbaminohemoglobin
C. Dissolved carbon dioxide
D. None of the above

A

A. Bicarbonate ions

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16
Q

Which of the following antibodies is secreted from exocrine glands, such as the mammary glands?

A. IgE
B. IgA
C. IgG
D. IgM

A

B. IgA

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17
Q

Boyle’s law states:

A. each gas in a mixture of gases exerts its own pressure as if no other gases were presents
B. the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure
C. the volume of a gas exchange is proportional to its pressure
D. None of the above

A

C. the volume of a gas exchange is proportional to its pressure

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18
Q

The accumulation of excess fluid leading to swelling in known as:

A. lymph
B. edema
C. osmotic pressure
D. GALT

A

B. edema

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19
Q

Which of the following groups is associated with forceful respiration activity?

A. Pontine respiratory group
B. Dorsal respiratory group
C. Ventral respiratory group
D. All of the above

A

B. Dorsal respiratory group

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20
Q

Which of the following is a paired cartilage found at the larynx?

A. Thyroid cartilage
B. Cricoid cartilage
C. Epiglottis cartilage
D. All of the above
E. none of the above
A

E. none of the above

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21
Q

Which of the following terms represents a disease state characterized by pulmonary edema?

A. Pleurisy
B. Apnea
C. Pneumonia
D. Dyspnea

A

C. Pneumonia

22
Q

Which of the following terms describes how easily lung tissue stretches during pulmonary ventilation?

A. Compliance
B. Surfactant
C. Surface tension
D. None of the above

A

A. Compliance

23
Q

Which of the following decreases the rate of diffusion during gas exchange?

A. Steep partial pressure gradient
B. Increased surface area
C. Longer distance to travel
D. None of the above

A

C. Longer distance to travel

24
Q

The production of carbon dioxide from carbonic acid occurs during which of the following?

A. Internal respiration
B. External respiration
C. Cellular respiration
D. Pulmonary ventilation

A

B. External respiration

25
Q

<p>The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ prevents food/ liquid from entering the larynx while the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is a small opening which allows for movement of air through the larynx. A. epiglottis; pharynx B. glottis; epiglottis C. epiglottis; glottis D. epiglottis; true vocal cords</p>

A

<p>B. glottis; epiglottis</p>

26
Q

The chloride ion shift occurs to maintain ionic balance due to the movement of which other ion?

A. Calcium
B. Sodium
C. Potassium
D. Bicarbonate

A

D. Bicarbonate

27
Q

During expiration:

A. atmospheric pressure is less than the pressure inside the thoracic cavity (alveoli)
B. the diaphragm relaxes
C. external intercostal muscles relax, decreasing the volume
D. Both A and B
E. All of the above

A

E. All of the above

28
Q

The production of B- lymphocytes occur at the _______ while the production of T- lymphocytes occur at the _______.

A. thymus gland; lymph node
B. thymus gland; bone marrow
C. bone marrow; lymph node
D. bone marrow; thymus gland

A

D. bone marrow; thymus gland

29
Q

A compound composed of lipids that decreases surface tension and prevents alveolar collapse is:

A. pressure
B. surface tension
C. surfactant
D. carbonic anhydrase

A

C. surfactant

30
Q

. Which of the following describes internal respiration?

A. Partial pressure of carbon dioxide is high in the capillary
B. Partial pressure of oxygen is high in the capillary
C. Partial pressure of oxygen is low in the tissue
D. both B and C
E. All of the above

A

D. both B and C

31
Q

Sites where cells perform an immune response are known as:

A. primary organs
B. secondary organs
C. tertiary organs
D. none of the above

A

B. secondary organs

32
Q

Which of the following statements is true of inspiration?

A. Diaphragm relaxes
B. External intercostal muscle relax
C. Atmospheric pressure is lower than pressure in the thoracic cavity (lungs)
D. all of the above
E. none of the above
A

E. none of the above

33
Q

Which of the following describes when an individual is injected with a pathogen and leads to the production of antibodies?

A. Naturally acquired active immunity
B. Naturally acquired passive immunity
C. Artificially acquired passive immunity
D. Artificially acquired active immunity

A

D. artifically acquired active immunity

34
Q

Which of the following is true of the thymus?

A. Site of T- cell maturation and proliferation
B. Is classified as a primary organ
C. Atrophies after puberty
D. Both A and C
E. All of the above
A

E. All of the above

35
Q

Which of the following statements describes a primary immune response?

A. Provides a fast response
B. Provides a relatively weak response
C. Provides a strong response
D. Both A and C

A

B. Provides a relatively weak response

36
Q

Which of the following is not associated with inflammation?

A. Redness
B. Heat
C. Complement
D. Pain
E. All of the above are associated with inflammation
A

C. Complement

37
Q

For blood entering the left atrium, which of the following is true?

A. The partial pressure of carbon dioxide is high
B. The partial pressure of carbon dioxide is low
C. The partial pressure of oxygen is high
D. Both B and C

A

D. Both B and C

38
Q

Which of the following is the expected value for total lung capacity (TLC)?

A. 4600 ml
B. 5500 ml
C. 5800 ml
D. 6000 ml

A

C. 5800 ml

39
Q

What would the vital capacity be for an individual who had an Expiratory Reserved Volume of 1300 ml and all other volumes were expected?

A. 4400 ml
B. 4600 ml
C. 4800 ml
D. 5000 ml

A

C. 4800 ml

40
Q

The volume moved in and out of the lungs during normal respiratory cycle is the _____.

A. Tidal Volume
B. Inspiratory Reserve Volume
C. Expiratory Reserve Volume
D. Residual Volume

A

A. Tidal Volume

41
Q

Which of the following would cause an increase in respiratory rate?

A. High Blood oxygen concentrations
B. High carbon dioxide concentrations
C. Low hydrogen ion concentrations
D. Both B and C

A

D. Both B and C

42
Q

Dalton’s Law states:

A. the volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure
B. the volume of a gas is proportional to its pressure
C. cellular respiration is an aerobic process that creates pressure gradients
D. each gas is a mixture of gases exerts its own pressure as if other gases were present

A

D. each gas is a mixture of gases exerts its own pressure as if other gases were present

*dalton is a little sob who doesn’t care about anyone else.

43
Q

<p>Which of the following describes a fetus receiving IgG from the mother? A. Naturally acquired active immunity B. Naturally acquired passive immunity C. Artificially acquired passive immunity D. Artificially acquired active immunity</p>

A

<p>B. Naturally acquired passive immunity</p>

44
Q

The point where the trachea splits into the right and left primary bronchi is the:

A. Epiglottis
B. Carina
C. Glottis
D. Nasal Conchae

A

B. Carina

45
Q

______ resistance targets specific pathogen antigens whereas _______ resistance works regardless of the pathogen.

A. Innate; adaptive
B. Adaptive; innate
C. Adaptive; specific
D. Non- specific; innate

A

B. Adaptive; innate

46
Q

Which of the following is responsible for draining the majority of the body’s lymph fluid?

A. Thoracic (left lymphatic) duct
B. Right lymphatic duct
C. Efferent lymphatic vessel
D. lymphatic capillaries

A

A. Thoracic (left lymphatic) duct

47
Q

Pulmonary ventilation utilizes _________ while external and internal respiration utilizes _______.

A. Dalton’s Law; Boyle’s Law
B. Henry’s Law’ Dalton’s Law
C. Boyle’s Law; Dalton’s Law
D. Boyle’s Law; Henry’s Law

A

C. Boyle’s Law; Dalton’s Law

48
Q

Which of the following represents the activity during internal respiration?

A. CO2 + H2O -> H2CO3 -> H+ HCo-3
B. H+ + HCO-3 -> H2CO3 -> CO2 + H2O
C. Bicarbonate ion moves to the red blood cell
D. More than one above is correct

A

A. CO2 + H2O -> H2CO3 -> H+ HCo-3

49
Q

Which of the following best demonstrates the pathway of the lymphatic system?

A. Afferent lymphatic vessels, lymphatic capillaries, lymph nodes, efferent lymphatic vessels
B. Efferent lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, afferent lymphatic vessels, lymphatic capillaries
C. Lymphatic capillaries, efferent lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, afferent lymphatic vessels
D. Lymphatic capillaries, Afferent lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, efferent lymphatic vessels

A

D.Lymphatic capillaries, Afferent lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, efferent lymphatic vessels

50
Q

Which of the following represent the activity during external respiration?

A. CO2+ H2O -> H2CO3 -> H+ + HCO-3
B. H+ + HCO-3 -> H2CO3 -> CO2 + H2O
C. Bicarbonate ion moves into the plasma
D. Chloride ion moves to the red blood cells
E. More than one above is correct
A

B. H+ + HCO-3 -> H2CO3 -> CO2 + H2O

*A&P II test 1 questions (4 decks)

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