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*A&P II test 1 questions > exam 3 > Flashcards

exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following determines the response of the body?

A. Receptor
B. Control center
C. Effector
D. All the above are components

A

B. Control center

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2
Q

Which of the following is not a way in which the endocrine system is regulated?

A. Hypothalamus
B. Nervous control
C. Changes in chemical concentration
D. All of the above regulate the endocrine system

A

D. All of the above regulate the endocrine system

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3
Q

Administration of an anti-diuretic compound would lead to which of the following?

A. Decrease in glomerular hydrostatic pressure
B. Increase in glomerular hydrostatic pressure
C. Increased blood volume
D. None of the above
E. Both B and C

A

E. Both B and C

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4
Q

Which of the following hormones is released during a decrease in blood calcium concentrations?

A. Calcitonin
B. Parathyroid Hormone
C. Thyroid Hormone
D. Melatonin

A

B. Parathyroid Hormone

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5
Q

Which of the following leads to an increase in blood pressure by directly increasing water reabsorption?

A. Increased anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) secretion
B. Vasoconstriction
C. Increased aldosterone secretion
D.Increased thirst
E. All of the above
A

A. Increased anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) secretion

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6
Q

Which of the following would be an expected response if the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was elevated?

A. Vasoconstriction at the efferent arteriole
B. Increase blood volume at the glomerulus
C. Decrease glomerular hydrostatic pressure (GHSP)
D. Vasodilation at the afferent arteriole
E. More than one above

A

C. Decrease glomerular hydrostatic pressure (GHSP)

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7
Q

The conversion of Angiotensinogen to Angiotensin I is mediated by which enzyme?

A. Phosphorylase
B. Protein kinase
C. Renin
D. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)

A

C. Renin

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8
Q

The functional unit of the kidney is the:

A. Nephron
B. Renal corpuscle
C. Renal tubule
D. Loop of Henle

A

A. Nephron

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9
Q

Which of the following hormones is produced by the posterior pituitary gland?

A. Aldosterone
B. Oxytocin
C. Anti-diuretic hormone
D. Both B and C
E. None of the above
A

E. None of the above

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10
Q

The hormone_________stimulates the ________to release cortisol and aldosterone
A. Adrenocorticotrophic hormone; adrenal medulla
B. Adrenocorticotrophic hormone; adrenal cortex
C. Thyroid stimulating hormone; thyroid
D. Thyroid stimulating hormone; adrenal cortex

A

B. Adrenocorticotrophic hormone; adrenal cortex

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11
Q
  1. The hormone oxytocin exhibits which of the following types of regulation?

A. Positive feedback
B. Negative feedback
C. Selective feedback
D. None of the above

A

A. Positive feedback

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12
Q

The_____is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland and targets the gonads in both males and females.

A. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
B. Oxytocin
C. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
D. Progesterone
E. Both A and C
A

E. Both A and C

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13
Q

Hashimoto’s disease and Graves’ disease are autoimmune disorders that target which of the following glands?

A. Parathyroid gland
B. Thyroid gland
C. Pituitary gland
D. Thymus gland

A

B. Thyroid gland

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14
Q

Decreased blood volume would result in which of the following ?

A. Decreased aldosterone secretion
B. Increased ADH secretion
C. Decreased blood pressure
D. Increased glomerular hydrostatic pressure (GHSP)
E. More than one is correct
A

E. More than one is correct

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15
Q

Glomerular hydrostatic pressure (GHSP) is the primary force for:

A.Tubular secretion
B. Glomerular filtration
C. Tubular absorption
D. Blood flow

A

B. Glomerular filtration

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16
Q

Which of the following hormones leads to an increase in blood pressure by increasing blood volume?

A. Aldosterone
B. Thyroid hormone
C. Erythopoietin
D. Cortisol

A

A. Aldosterone

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17
Q

Which of the following disorders is due to a deficiency of growth hormone?

A. Pituitary gigantism
B. Pituitary dwarfism
C. Acromegaly
D. None of the above

A

B. Pituitary dwarfism

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18
Q

Which of the following hormones does not increase blood glucose concentrations ?

A. Glucagon
B. Cortisol
C. Insulin
D. Thyroid hormone

A

C. Insulin

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19
Q

Which of the following hormones leads to an increase in red blood cell production (erythropoiesis)?

A. Cortisol
B. Growth hormone
C. Parathyroid hormone
D. Erythropoietin

A

D. Erythropoietin

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20
Q

A decrease in blood pressure would cause which of the following ?

A. A decrease in glomerular filtration rate
B. An increase in glomerular hydrostatic pressure
C. A decrease in glomerular hydrostatic pressure
D. Both A and C

A

A. A decrease in glomerular filtration rate
B. An increase in glomerular hydrostatic pressure
C. A decrease in glomerular hydrostatic pressure
D. Both A and C

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21
Q 
Which of the following hormones leads to ovulation and testosterone production, in the female and male system?
A. Luteinizing hormone
B. Follicle stimulating hormone
C. Gonadotropin releasing hormone
D. Epinephrine
A

A. Luteinizing hormone

22
Q

Which of the following statements is true in regards to the posterior pituitary gland?

A. Produces oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone
B. Stores hormones produced by the Hypothalamus
C. Is controlled via hormones by the Hypothalamus
D. All of the above are true

A

B. Stores hormones produced by the Hypothalamus

23
Q

Angiotensin I is converted to Angiotensin II via:

A. Angiotensin converting enzyme produced at the liver
B. Angiotensin converting enzyme produced at the lungs
C. Renin produced at the kidneys
D. Renin produced at the liver

A

B. Angiotensin converting enzyme produced at the lungs

24
Q

The inability to control urination and defecation reflexes is known as :

A. Polyuria
B. Incontinence
C. Diuresis
D. None of the above

A

b. incontinence

25
Q

Which of the following is true of glomerular filtration?

A. Pressure at the capillaries is greater than the capsule
B. Pressure at the capillaries is equal to the capsule
C. Pressure at the capillaries is lower than the capsule
D. None of the above

A

A. Pressure at the capillaries is greater than the capsule

26
Q

Tubular secretion predominantly occurs at the ___, while tubular reabsorption predominantly occurs at the ____.
A. Distal convoluted tubules; proximal convoluted tubules
B. Proximal convoluted tubules; distal convoluted tubules
C. Proximal convoluted tubules; peritubular capillaries
D. Descending loop of Henle; ascending loop of henle

A

A. Distal convoluted tubules; proximal convoluted tubules

27
Q

Which of the following hormones is released from the adrenal medulla?

A. Norepinephrine
B. Epinephrine
C. Cortisol
D. Both A and B

A

D. Both A and B

28
Q

The fluid that is moved from the glomerulus into Bowman’s capsule is known as:

A. Lymph
B. Filtrate
C. Urine
D. None of the above

A

B. Filtrate

29
Q

Which of the following statements describes the steroid hormone mechanism of action?

A. Binds to a membrane receptor
B. Utilizes a second messenger
C. Phosphorylates an inactive protein
D. Alters the rate of transcription

A

D. Alters the rate of transcription

30
Q

Where is human growth hormone produced?

A. Anterior pituitary gland
B. Posterior pituitary gland
C. Hypothalamus
D. Adrenal medulla

A

A. Anterior pituitary gland

31
Q

During tubular reabsorption, which of the following compounds should be reabsorb?

A. Glucose
B. Amino acids
C. Ions
D. All of the above
E. None of the above
A

D. All of the above

32
Q

Blood exits the glomerulus via the:

A. Afferent arteriole
B. Efferent arteriole
C. Renal vein
D. None of the above

A

B. Efferent arteriole

33
Q 
Which of the following compounds is required by the thyroid gland to produce the thyroid hormones T3 and T4?
A. Chlorine
B. Calcium
C. Iodine
D. Potassium
A

C. Iodine

34
Q

Which of the following statements is true regarding the urethra of males and females?

A. The urethra in males is longer than females
B. The urethra in females is longer than males
C. The urethra in females and males is the same length
D. None of the above.

A

A. The urethra in males is longer than females

35
Q

Urea is a by-product of ___ metabolism, where uric acid is a by-product of ___metabolism

A. Nucleic acid; protein
B. protein; carbohydrate
C. Carbohydrate; protein
D. Protein; nucleic acid

A

D. Protein; nucleic acid

36
Q

Vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole would lead to which of the following?

A. Increase of glomerular filtration rate
B. Increase in glomerular hydrostatic pressure
C. Decrease in glomerular hydrostatic pressure
D. Increase in blood volume at the glomerulus
E. More than one above

A

E. more than one above.

37
Q

Which of the following statements is true?

A. An increase in water secretion, leads to an increase in blood volume
B. An increase in sodium secretion, leads to an increase in blood pressure
C. An increase in sodium absorption, leads to an increase in blood volume
D. An increase in water absorption, leads to a decrease in blood volume
E. More than one answer is correct

A

D. An increase in water absorption, leads to a decrease in blood volume

38
Q

Which of the following hormones is NOT secreted by the anterior pituitary gland?

A. Oxytocin
B. Thyroid stimulating hormone
C. Adrenocorticotrophic hormone
D. Follicle stimulating hormone
E. All of the above are secreted by the anterior pituitary gland
A

A. oxytocin

39
Q

The pineal gland produces the hormone ______.

A. Melatonin
B. Calcitonin
C. Parathyroid hormone
D. Oxytocin

A

A. Melatonin

40
Q

Glucagon is produced by the ____ and insulin is produced by the ____ of the pancreas.

A. Alpha cells; gamma cells
B. Beta cells; alpha cells
C. Beta cells; gamma cells
D. Alpha cells; beta cells

A

D. Alpha cells; beta cells

41
Q

. The renal columns are extension from the ___, while renal pyramids compose the _____.

A. Renal medulla; renal cortex
B. Renal cortex; renal capsule
C. Renal medulla; renal pelvis
D. Renal cortex; renal medulla

A

D. Renal cortex; renal medulla

42
Q

Which of the following best represents the path of urine flow through the kidney?

A. Collecting duct; major calyx; minor calyx; renal pelvis; ureter
B. Minor calyx; major calyx; renal pelvis; collecting duct ;ureter
C. Collecting duct; minor calyx; major calyx; renal pelvis; ureter
D. Ureter; minor calyx; major calyx; renal pelvis; collecting duct

A

C. Collecting duct; minor calyx; major calyx; renal pelvis; ureter

43
Q

Which of the following is the second messenger for non-steroid hormones?

A. G-protein
B. Protein kinases
C. Cyclic AMP
D. Adenylate cyclase

A

C. Cyclic AMP

44
Q

Which of the following does NOT describe steroid hormones?

A. Binds to DNA
B. Is Lipid soluble
C. Activates an inactive protein
D. Can move freely past the cell membrane
E. All of the above describe steroid hormones

A

C. Activates an inactive protein

45
Q

Which of the following characteristics does NOT describe a hormone?

A. Required in small amounts
B. Has long lasting effects
C. Targets are not specific
D. Predominantly regulated by negative feedback

A

C. Targets are not specific

46
Q

Which of the following is NOT a target site for the hormone parathyroid hormone?

A. Osteclasts at bone
B. Intestinal mucosa
C. Proximal convoluted tubules at the kidney
D. All of the above are target sites

A

D. All of the above are target sites

47
Q

The hypothalamus controls the anterior pituitary gland through ____but controls the posterior pituitary via _____.

A. Release of hormones; direct neural control
B. Direct neural control; release of hormones
C. Release of hormones; chemical concentration
D. Chemical concentration; direct neural control

A

A. Release of hormones; direct neural control

48
Q

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is due to _____, whereas type 2 diabetes mellitus is due to ____

A. An autoimmune disorder destroying the beta cells; autoimmune disorder destroying the alpha cells
B. Autoimmune disorder destroying the beta cells; insulin receptor abnormality
C. An insulin receptor abnormality; autoimmune disorder destroying the beta cells
D. An insulin receptor abnormality; autoimmune disorder destroying the alpha cells

A

B. Autoimmune disorder destroying the beta cells; insulin receptor abnormality

49
Q

Which of the following hormones-production site pairs is INCORRECT?

A. Atrial natriuretic hormone-Heart
B. Erythropoietin-Kidney
C. Progesterone-Corpus luteum
D. Estrogen-Ovary
E. None of the above
A

E. None of the above

50
Q

A _____affects all individuals the same, whereas a _____ affects only the individual.

A. Physical stress; physiological stress
B. Physiological stress; physical stress
C. Physiological stress; alarm stage
D. Physical stress; resistance stage

A

A. Physical stress; physiological stress

*A&P II test 1 questions (4 decks)

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