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OLD "MBS 602" > Exam 2 Regulation > Flashcards

Exam 2 Regulation Flashcards

1
Q

What inhibited hexokinase causing product inhibition?

A

glucose-6-phosphate

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2
Q

Glucagon is secreted when glucose is ________ in the blood

A

low

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3
Q

Insulin lowers or increases [glucose] in blood?

A

lowers

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4
Q

Is epinephrine an inhibitor or activator for insulin secretion?

A

inhibitor

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5
Q

Is glucose and inhibitor or activator of glucagon secretion?

A

inhibitor

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6
Q

What inhibits hexokinase?

A

G6P

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7
Q

What 2 things activate PFK-1?

A

AMP
F26BP

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8
Q

What activates fructose-2,6-bisphosphate?

A

insulin production

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9
Q

What 2 things inhibit F26BP?

A

ATP
glucagon/epi

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10
Q

What activates pyruvate kinase?

A

F-1,6-BP
phosphorylation of PK

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11
Q

AMP __stimulates/inhibits_______ PFK
ATP ___stimulates/inhibits_____ PFK

A

AMP: stimulates (signals that need more E produced)
ATP: inhibits (signals there is already enough E)

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12
Q

Glucagon and epinepherine stimulate the activation or degradation of F26BP?

A

degradation

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13
Q

Is PFK-1 inhibited or activated by ATP?

A

inhibited

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14
Q

Is G6PDH in PPP activated or inhibited by NADPH?

A

inhibited

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15
Q

Secretion of what hormone promotes glycogenesis?

A

insulin

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16
Q

When glucose is low what hormone is secreted?

A

glucagon

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17
Q

Glycogen phosphorylase is activated by _________ and inhibited by _______,_______,______ during glycogenolysis?

A

activated: AMP
inhibited: ATP, G6P, glucose

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18
Q

When there is a high demand for ATP glycogen phosphorylase is ____________

A

upregulated

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19
Q

When there is a high demand for ATP glycogen synthase is ____________

A

downregulated

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20
Q

Is glycogen phosphorylase activated by AMP?

21
Q

Is glycogen phosphorylase activated by ATP?

22
Q

Is glycogen phosphorylase activated by glucose?

23
Q

Is glycogen phosphorylase activated by G6P?

24
Q

Is glycogen synthase activated by G6P?

25
Q

Is glycogen synthase activate when it phosphorylated or dephosphorylated?

A

dephosphorylated

26
Q

Is glycogen phosphorylase activate when it phosphorylated or dephosphorylated?

A

phosphorylated

27
Q

Is glycogen phosphorylated activated by epi/glucagon or insulin?

A

epi/glucagon

28
Q

Is glycogen synthase activated by epi/glucagon or insulin?

29
Q

Phosphorylation of glycogen phosphorylase ACTIVATES/INHIBITS glycogen breakdown

30
Q

Phosphorylation of glycogen synthase ACTIVATES/INHIBITS glycogen synthesis

31
Q

What 2 things can stimulate glycogenesis in muscles?

A

low glycogen (from prior exercise)
insulin

32
Q

Does AMP and Ca2+ stimulate or inhibit glycogenolysis?

33
Q

What stimulates glycogenesis in the liver?

34
Q

What stimulates glycogenolysis in the liver?

A

epi/glucagon

35
Q

Do muscles perform glycogenlysis when glucagon signals?

A

no (has no glucagon receptor)

36
Q

Does glucagon/epi stimulate or inhibit gluconeogenesis?

37
Q

Does glycolysis or gluconeogenesis cost more energy?

A

gluconeogenesis

38
Q

Does insulin stimulate or inhibit gluconeogenesis?

39
Q

____________ directly stimulates pyruvate carboxylase

A

acetyl coA

40
Q

What are the 3 ways to regulate the CAC?

A
  1. NADH
  2. acetyl coA
  3. AMP
41
Q

How does NADH regulate the CAC?

A

Inhibits PDH and other DHs (inihibits CAC)

42
Q

How does acetyl coA regulate the CAC?

A

inhibits pyruvate DH (slows CAC)
activates pyruvate carboxylase (generates oxaloacetate=promotes CAC)

43
Q

How does AMP regulate CAC?

A

stimulates PFK = increased glycolysis = increased CAC

44
Q

In cells with minimal energy consumption (low need for ATP) , NADH ____inhibits/activates___ CAC?

A

inhibits (already plenty of E)

45
Q

In cells with minimal energy consumption (low need for ATP) , is the flux of CAC high or low?

46
Q

In cells with high energy consumption (high need for ATP) , is the flux of CAC high or low?

A

high (restore NADH)

47
Q

How will a deficiency of Vitamin B1 affect the CAC?

A

decrease flux

48
Q

How will a deficiency of Vitamin B1 affect PDH?

A

inhibits it

OLD "MBS 602" (7 decks)

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