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RADT 150 Intro to Radiography > Exam 2 RADT 150 > Flashcards

Exam 2 RADT 150 Flashcards

1
Q

Which unit is used to measure exposure to ionizing radiation

A

Roentgen

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2
Q

To determine the total amount of radiation exposure in a specific volume of air, the effect which must be measured is

A

ionization

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3
Q

International unit used to calculate the effective absorbed dose for all types of ionizing radiations

A

Seivert

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4
Q

The amount of energy transferred to tissue is referred to as

A

absorbed dose

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5
Q

The amount of energy tissue is subjected to

A

exposure

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6
Q

In International units, 1000 Rads equals

A

10 gray

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7
Q

Used to adjust the absorbed dose value to measure biological effects of different types of ionizing radiations

A

quality factor

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8
Q

A person recieves a dose of 12 Rad of beta particles, what is the person’s total dose equivalency

A

12 rem

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9
Q

Device used to measure alpha and beta particles in the laboratory setting

A

proportional counter

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10
Q

Lithium fluoride crystals are the active ingredient in this personnel monitoring device

A

thermoluminescent dosimeter

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11
Q

Least sensitive personnel monitoring device

A

film badge

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12
Q

Monitoring device used to measure radiation output of a radiographic unit

A

ionization chamber

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13
Q

What information does the copper filter mounted inside a film badge provide

A

indicates if the exposure was penetrating

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14
Q

The amount of energy absorbed by an irradiated object is primarily controlled by

A

atomic number of tissue, type of radiation, energy of the incident photon

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15
Q

Definition of exposure

A

the amount of ionizing radiation to which an object is subjected to

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16
Q

How does a film badge distinguish between different types of radiation

A

different filters are used

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17
Q

Monitoring device most often used in Nuclear Medicine to locate a lost source of radioactive material

A

Geiger Muller counter

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18
Q

When a TLD is processed, radiation dose is measured by

A

the intensity of the light emitted by fluoride crystals

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19
Q

Interaction that occurs between x-ray and matter at 80 kev

A

Photoelectric effect

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20
Q

Factor that primarily differentiate the probability of occurrence of the various interactions of X-ray with human tissue

A

Energy of the incoming photon

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21
Q

The minimal mass energy equivalency of a positrons is

A

0.51 MeV

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22
Q

What is the primary beam mainly composed of

A

Non interacting and small angle scatter photons

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23
Q

X-ray interaction with matter where energy of the incident photon is partially absorbed

A

Compton

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24
Q

Which interaction causes annihilation of atoms

A

Pair production

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25
Byproducts of Compton interaction
Scattered X-ray photon and Compton scattered electron
26
Maximum annual dose for occupation worker
5 rem
27
What contributes significantly to the exposure of the radiographer
Compton scattered photons
28
Total effective dose limit per month for embryo fetus on pregnant occupational worker
0.05 Rem
29
Effective dose equivalent limit for internal organs of occupational worker
50 Rem
30
Effective equivalent dose limit for lens of eye of occupational worker
15 Rem
31
Effective dose equivalent limit for frequently exposed general citizen
0.1 Rem
32
Ionizing radiation’s which produce the same biological effects for equal absorbed dose
X-rays, beta particles, gamma rays
33
Provides a method to calculate effective absorbed dose for all types of ionizing radiations
Dose equivalency or REM
34
Amount of energy from the X-ray beam an object is subjected to refers to
Exposure
35
Used to adjust the absorbed dose value to measure biological effects of different types of ionizing radiation
Quality factor
36
Tissue that possesses the smallest ability to absorb energy
Fat
37
Which interaction with matter is the energy of the incident photon completely absorbed
Photoelectric absorption
38
Coherent scattering results in
Simply a change in direction of the incident X-ray photon
39
Qualifying factor of 1
X-rays, gamma rays, beta, high energy external protons
40
Qualifying factor of 2
Low energy internal photons
41
Qualifying factor of 5
Thermal neutrons (slow)
42
Qualifying factor of 20
Alpha particles, fast neutrons, unknown energies
43
Dose equivalency formula
DE (REM) = RAD x QF
44
100 Rad is equal to how many Gray
1 Gray
45
Dose equivalency
Method to calculate the effect of absorbed dose for all types of ionizing radiation
46
Equivalent dose
The product of the average absorbed dose in a tissue or organ in the human body
47
Effective dose
Provides a measure of the overall risk of exposure to different tissues
48
Tissue most sensitive to radiation
Gonads (0.20 weighting factor)
49
Tissue weighting factor of red bone marrow, colon, lung, stomach
0.12
50
Tissue weighting factor for bladder, breast, liver, esophagus, thyroid
0.05
51
Tissue weighting factor for skin and bone surface
0.01
52
Describes internal and external measurements of groups or populations from low doses of radiation
Collective effective dose
53
Pair production occurrs at energies greater than
1.022 MeV
54
Photodisintegration occurs at energies above
10 MeV
55
Upper boundary dose that results in negligible risk of bodily injury or genetic damage
Effective dose limit
56
Definition of Risk
Possibility of inducing a radiogenic cancer or genetic defect after irradiation
57
Risk estimated on research and reports developed by:
ICRP, NCRP, UNSCEAR, NAS/BEIR
58
Annual occupational effective dose limit
5 rem to whole body
59
Cumulative occupational dose limit
1 rem x age
60
Occupational dose limit for lens of eye
15 rem
61
Occupational dose limit for skin, hands, and feet
50 rem
62
Occupational dose limit for localized tissues
50 rem
63
Non occupational effective dose limit
0.5 rem
64
Effective dose limit of frequently exposed non occupational individuals
0.1 rem
65
Dose limit non occupational lens of eye
1.5 rem
66
Dose limit non occupational skin, hands, feet
5 rem
67
Negligible individual dose (annual)
0.001 rem
68
Education and training effective dose limit
0.1 rem
69
Education and training lens of eye dose limit
1.5 rem
70
Education and training localized tissue dose limit
0.5 rem
71
Effective dose limit embryo fetus per month
0.05 rem / month
72
Effective dose limit embryo fetus for entire gestation period
0.5 rem

RADT 150 Intro to Radiography (2 decks)

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