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RADT 150 Intro to Radiography > Exam 2 RADT 150 > Flashcards

Exam 2 RADT 150 Flashcards

1
Q

Which unit is used to measure exposure to ionizing radiation

A

Roentgen

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2
Q

To determine the total amount of radiation exposure in a specific volume of air, the effect which must be measured is

A

ionization

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3
Q

International unit used to calculate the effective absorbed dose for all types of ionizing radiations

A

Seivert

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4
Q

The amount of energy transferred to tissue is referred to as

A

absorbed dose

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5
Q

The amount of energy tissue is subjected to

A

exposure

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6
Q

In International units, 1000 Rads equals

A

10 gray

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7
Q

Used to adjust the absorbed dose value to measure biological effects of different types of ionizing radiations

A

quality factor

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8
Q

A person recieves a dose of 12 Rad of beta particles, what is the person’s total dose equivalency

A

12 rem

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9
Q

Device used to measure alpha and beta particles in the laboratory setting

A

proportional counter

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10
Q

Lithium fluoride crystals are the active ingredient in this personnel monitoring device

A

thermoluminescent dosimeter

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11
Q

Least sensitive personnel monitoring device

A

film badge

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12
Q

Monitoring device used to measure radiation output of a radiographic unit

A

ionization chamber

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13
Q

What information does the copper filter mounted inside a film badge provide

A

indicates if the exposure was penetrating

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14
Q

The amount of energy absorbed by an irradiated object is primarily controlled by

A

atomic number of tissue, type of radiation, energy of the incident photon

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15
Q

Definition of exposure

A

the amount of ionizing radiation to which an object is subjected to

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16
Q

How does a film badge distinguish between different types of radiation

A

different filters are used

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17
Q

Monitoring device most often used in Nuclear Medicine to locate a lost source of radioactive material

A

Geiger Muller counter

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18
Q

When a TLD is processed, radiation dose is measured by

A

the intensity of the light emitted by fluoride crystals

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19
Q

Interaction that occurs between x-ray and matter at 80 kev

A

Photoelectric effect

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20
Q

Factor that primarily differentiate the probability of occurrence of the various interactions of X-ray with human tissue

A

Energy of the incoming photon

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21
Q

The minimal mass energy equivalency of a positrons is

A

0.51 MeV

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22
Q

What is the primary beam mainly composed of

A

Non interacting and small angle scatter photons

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23
Q

X-ray interaction with matter where energy of the incident photon is partially absorbed

A

Compton

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24
Q

Which interaction causes annihilation of atoms

A

Pair production

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25
Q

Byproducts of Compton interaction

A

Scattered X-ray photon and Compton scattered electron

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26
Q

Maximum annual dose for occupation worker

A

5 rem

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27
Q

What contributes significantly to the exposure of the radiographer

A

Compton scattered photons

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28
Q

Total effective dose limit per month for embryo fetus on pregnant occupational worker

A

0.05 Rem

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29
Q

Effective dose equivalent limit for internal organs of occupational worker

A

50 Rem

30
Q

Effective equivalent dose limit for lens of eye of occupational worker

A

15 Rem

31
Q

Effective dose equivalent limit for frequently exposed general citizen

A

0.1 Rem

32
Q

Ionizing radiation’s which produce the same biological effects for equal absorbed dose

A

X-rays, beta particles, gamma rays

33
Q

Provides a method to calculate effective absorbed dose for all types of ionizing radiations

A

Dose equivalency or REM

34
Q

Amount of energy from the X-ray beam an object is subjected to refers to

A

Exposure

35
Q

Used to adjust the absorbed dose value to measure biological effects of different types of ionizing radiation

A

Quality factor

36
Q

Tissue that possesses the smallest ability to absorb energy

A

Fat

37
Q

Which interaction with matter is the energy of the incident photon completely absorbed

A

Photoelectric absorption

38
Q

Coherent scattering results in

A

Simply a change in direction of the incident X-ray photon

39
Q

Qualifying factor of 1

A

X-rays, gamma rays, beta, high energy external protons

40
Q

Qualifying factor of 2

A

Low energy internal photons

41
Q

Qualifying factor of 5

A

Thermal neutrons (slow)

42
Q

Qualifying factor of 20

A

Alpha particles, fast neutrons, unknown energies

43
Q

Dose equivalency formula

A

DE (REM) = RAD x QF

44
Q

100 Rad is equal to how many Gray

A

1 Gray

45
Q

Dose equivalency

A

Method to calculate the effect of absorbed dose for all types of ionizing radiation

46
Q

Equivalent dose

A

The product of the average absorbed dose in a tissue or organ in the human body

47
Q

Effective dose

A

Provides a measure of the overall risk of exposure to different tissues

48
Q

Tissue most sensitive to radiation

A

Gonads (0.20 weighting factor)

49
Q

Tissue weighting factor of red bone marrow, colon, lung, stomach

A

0.12

50
Q

Tissue weighting factor for bladder, breast, liver, esophagus, thyroid

A

0.05

51
Q

Tissue weighting factor for skin and bone surface

A

0.01

52
Q

Describes internal and external measurements of groups or populations from low doses of radiation

A

Collective effective dose

53
Q

Pair production occurrs at energies greater than

A

1.022 MeV

54
Q

Photodisintegration occurs at energies above

A

10 MeV

55
Q

Upper boundary dose that results in negligible risk of bodily injury or genetic damage

A

Effective dose limit

56
Q

Definition of Risk

A

Possibility of inducing a radiogenic cancer or genetic defect after irradiation

57
Q

Risk estimated on research and reports developed by:

A

ICRP, NCRP, UNSCEAR, NAS/BEIR

58
Q

Annual occupational effective dose limit

A

5 rem to whole body

59
Q

Cumulative occupational dose limit

A

1 rem x age

60
Q

Occupational dose limit for lens of eye

A

15 rem

61
Q

Occupational dose limit for skin, hands, and feet

A

50 rem

62
Q

Occupational dose limit for localized tissues

A

50 rem

63
Q

Non occupational effective dose limit

A

0.5 rem

64
Q

Effective dose limit of frequently exposed non occupational individuals

A

0.1 rem

65
Q

Dose limit non occupational lens of eye

A

1.5 rem

66
Q

Dose limit non occupational skin, hands, feet

A

5 rem

67
Q

Negligible individual dose (annual)

A

0.001 rem

68
Q

Education and training effective dose limit

A

0.1 rem

69
Q

Education and training lens of eye dose limit

A

1.5 rem

70
Q

Education and training localized tissue dose limit

A

0.5 rem

71
Q

Effective dose limit embryo fetus per month

A

0.05 rem / month

72
Q

Effective dose limit embryo fetus for entire gestation period

A

0.5 rem

RADT 150 Intro to Radiography (2 decks)

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