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Spinal Anatomy 2 > Exam 2 Quiz Questions > Flashcards

Exam 2 Quiz Questions Flashcards

1
Q

Ossification of the ligamentum flavum at the attachment site on the lamina will be associated with which classification of bone?

A

Accessory bone

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2
Q

Ossification within the length of the ligamentum flavum will be associated with which classification of bone?

A

Heterotopic bone

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3
Q

The greatest transverse diameter of the typical cervical vertebra occurs at____?

A

C6

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4
Q

The greatest frequency of osteophytes associated with the vertebral body occurs at which typical vertebral couple?

A

C5/C6

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5
Q

What muscles may attach to the posterior tubercle of a typical cervical vertebra?

A
  • Splenius cervicis
  • Iliocostalis cervicis
  • Longissimus cervicis
  • Levator scapulae
  • Middle scalene
  • Posterior scalene
  • Rotators
  • Posterior intertransverse
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6
Q

What muscles will attach to the costotransverse bar?

A
  • Middle scalene

- Posterior intertransverse

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7
Q

What is the orientation and angulation of a typical cervical transverse process?

A

60 degrees anterolaterally (from midsagittal plane), 15 degrees inferiorly (from horizontal plane)

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8
Q

What will cause remodeling of the anterior tubercle at C6?

A

The common carotid artery

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9
Q

What will occupy the typical cervical vertebra transverse foramen?

A
  • Vertebral artery
  • Vertebral venous plexus
  • Postganglionic sympathetic motor nerve fibers
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10
Q

What is the classic angulation of typical cervical articular facets?

A

40-45 degrees from the coronal plane

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11
Q

What is the orientation of the typical cervical superior articular facet?

A

backward, upward, medial (BUM)

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12
Q

What is the orientation of the typical cervical inferior articular facet?

A

forward, lateral, downward (FoLD)

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13
Q

What muscles will attach to the typical cervical superior articular facet?

A
  • Longissimus capitis
  • Longissimus cervicis
  • Semispinalis capitis
  • Semispinalis cervicis
  • Multifidis
  • Rotators
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14
Q

What muscles will blend with the capsular ligament of cervical zygapophyses?

A
  • Semispinalis capitis
  • Multifidis
  • Rotator longus
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15
Q

What modifications of the synovial joint are observed in the cervical spine?

A

Meniscoidal folds

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16
Q

The greatest range of flexion-extension among the typical cervical vertebrae occurs at which vertebral couple?

A

Typically C5/C6

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17
Q

What motions are coupled in the cervical spine?

A

Lateral bending and axial rotation

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18
Q

Ranges of couple motion among the typical cervical vertebrae will begin to decrease at what cervical vertebral couple?

A

The C5/C6 vertebral couple

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19
Q

What is the usual condition for the African-American typical cervical spinous process?

A

They are non-bifid

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20
Q

What muscles may attach to the typical cervical spinous process?

A
  • Spinalis cervicis
  • Semispinalis cervicis
  • Semispinalis thoraces
  • Multifidis
  • Rotators
  • Interspinalis
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21
Q

What joint classifications are observed on the anterior arch of C1?

A
  • Fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis

- Synovial (diarthrosis) trochoid

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22
Q

What is the orientation of the superior articular facet of C1?

A

backward, upward, medial (BUM)

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23
Q

What is the joint classification of the atlanto-occipital zygapophysis?

A

Synovial (diarthrosis) ellipsoidal joint

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24
Q

What are the morphological characteristics of the inferior articualr facet of C1?

A

Asymmetrical, slightly concave or flattened

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25
Q

What is the classification of the inferior articular facet of C1?

A

backward, medial, downward (BMD)

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26
Q

What is the joint classification of the atlanto-axial zygapophysis?

A

Synovial (diarthrosis) arthrodia joint

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27
Q

What muscles attach to the lateral mass of C1?

A
  • Levator scapula
  • Splenius cervicis
  • Rectus capitis anterior
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28
Q

What is the distance from the posterior tubercle of the posterior arch to the skin in each gender?

A

Males: about 50 mm
Females: about 47 mm

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29
Q

What attached to the posterior tubercle of the posterior arch of C1?

A
  • Rectus capitis posterior minor muslce

- Ligamentum nuchae

30
Q

Ossification of the free margin of the posterior atlanto-occipital ligament results in which atypical bone classification?

A

Accessory bone

31
Q

What is the earliest age of development where ossification of the anterior free margin of the posterior atlanto-occipital ligament was observed?

A

About age 7

32
Q

Based on the amount of ossification of the anterior free margin of the posterior atlanto-occipital ligament, what structures will form?

A

An incomplete ponticulus posticus or a complete ponticulus posticus

33
Q

What forms the types of ponticulus posticus?

A

Ossification of the anterior free margin of the posterior atlanto-occipital ligament

34
Q

What other name may be used to identify a ponticulus posticus?

A

Kimmerle’s anomaly

35
Q

What names are given to the opening formed by the ponticulus posticus?

A

Arcuate foramen or retroarticular canal

36
Q

Ponticulus posticus has been observed in what ethnic populations?

A

All ethnic populations studied thus far.

37
Q

What is the general range of incidence of ponticulus posticus in the populations studied?

A

1% - 41%

38
Q

What are the osseous parts of the transverse process?

A
  • Costal element
  • Posterior tubercle
  • True transverse process
39
Q

What muscles attach to the transverse process of C1?

A
  • Rectus capitis anterior
  • Rectus capitis lateralis
  • Middle scalene
  • Levator scapula
  • Splenius cervicis
  • Obliquus capitis superior
  • Obliquus capitis inferior
  • Intertransversarii muscles
40
Q

What suboccipital muscles are known to have fascial projections attaching to the spinal dura?

A
  • Rectus capitis posterior minor
  • Rectus capitis posterior major
  • Obliquus capitis inferior
41
Q

What are the connections between suboccipital muscles and the spinal dura called?

A

Myodural bridges

42
Q

What are the lateral bridges of atlas connected to?

A

The lateral mass and the transverse process of C1

43
Q

What opening is identified when a complete lateral bridge is formed?

A

The retrotransverse foramen

44
Q

What are the possible contents of the retrotransverse foramen?

A
  • Vertebral artery
  • A branch from the suboccipital nerve
  • Veins communicating with the venous sinuses of the neck
45
Q

What is the gender variation for measurements of the transverse diameter of C1?

A

Males: 78 mm
Females: 72 mm

46
Q

What is the distance from the posterior tubercle of the transverse process of C1 to the skin for each gender?

A

A little over 30 mm for both males and females

47
Q

What names are given to C2?

A

Axial or epistropheus

48
Q

What joint surfaces are present on the odontoid process of C2?

A
  • Facet for fovea dentis
  • Groove for transverse atlantal ligament
  • Attachment sites for the alar ligaments
  • Attachment site for the apical-dental ligament
49
Q

How many joint surfaces are present on the odontoid process of C2?

A

5

50
Q

What is the name given to the odontoid process when the facet for the fovea dentis lies above the groove from the transverse atlantal ligament and the attachment site for the apical-dental and alar ligaments appear to be directed posterior?

A

Lordotic dens

51
Q

What is the name given to the odontoid process when the facet for the fovea dentis lies below the groove from the transverse atlantal ligament and the attachment site for the apical-dental and alar ligaments appear to be directed anterior?

A

Kyphotic dens

52
Q

What joint classifications are present at the vertebral body of C2?

A
  • Fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis
  • Synovial (diarthrosis) trochoid
  • Modified synovial (diarthrosis) sellar
  • Cartilagenous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis
53
Q

What ligament forms the anterior boundary for the spinal canal above C2?

A

Membrana tectoria

54
Q

What ligament forms the anterior boundary for the spinal canal below C2?

A

Posterior longitudinal ligament

55
Q

What attaches to the lamina of C2?

A
  • Obliquus capitis inferior
  • Posterior atlanto-axial ligament
  • Ligamentum flavum
56
Q

What muscle attaches to the lamina of C2?

A

Obliquus capitis inferior

57
Q

What is the appearance of the superior articular facets of C2?

A

They are asymmetrical and slightly convex

58
Q

What is the facet orientation of the superior articular facet of C2?

A

backward, upward, and lateral (BUL)

59
Q

What is the orientation of the inferior articular facets of C2?

A

forward, lateral, and down (FoLD)

60
Q

What muscle attaches to the articular processes of C2?

A

Longissimus cervicis

61
Q

What osseous parts of the typical cervical transverse process are present at C2?

A
  • Costal element
  • Posterior tubercle
  • True transverse process
62
Q

What is the gender variation for the transverse diameter of C2?

A

Males: 57 mm
Females: 55 mm

63
Q

What muscles attach to the transverse process?

A
  • Levator scapulae
  • Middle scalene
  • Splenius cervicis
  • Longissimus cervicis
  • Intertransversarii
64
Q

What muscles attach to the spinous process of C2?

A
  • Rectus capitis posterior major
  • Obliquus capitis inferior
  • Spinalis cervicis
  • Semispinalis cervicis
  • Multifidis
  • Rotators
  • Interspinalis
65
Q

What names may be given to C7?

A

Vertebra prominens and vertebral prominence

66
Q

What is the name given to the topographical elevation observed at the base of the neck?

A

Vertebral prominens

67
Q

What is the segment and gender bias for vertebrae other than C7 becoming the vertebral prominence?

A

C6 is more common in females and T1 is more common in males

68
Q

How many joint surfaces are present at the vertebral body of C7?

A

Eight

69
Q

What joint classifications are observed at the vertebral body of C7?

A
  • Fibrous (amphiarthrosis) syndesmosis joint
  • Cartilaginous (amphiarthrosis) symphysis joint
  • Modified synovial (diarthrosis) sellar joint
70
Q

How many synovial joint surfaces are observed at the vertebral body of C7?

A

Two

71
Q

What muscle attaches to the vertebral body of C7?

A

Longus colli muscle

72
Q

What are the osseous parts of the transverse process of C7?

A
  • Costal element
  • Anterior tubercle
  • Costotransverse bar
  • Posterior tubercle
  • True transverse process

Spinal Anatomy 2 (2 decks)

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