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Abnormal Psychology > Exam 2-PSY 320 > Flashcards

Exam 2-PSY 320 Flashcards

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1
Q

Fight-or-Flight Response

A

Physiological changes in the human body that occur in response to a perceived threat, including the secretion of glucose, endorphins, and hormones as well as the elevation of heart rate, metabolism, blood pressure, breathing, and muscle tension.

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2
Q

Cortisol

A

Hormone that helps the body respond to stressors, including the fight-or-flight response.

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3
Q

Anxiety

A

State of apprehension, tension, and worry

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4
Q

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder(PTSD)

A

Anxiety disorder characterized by (1) repeated mental images of experiencing a traumatic event, (2) emotional numbing, and detachment, and (3) hypervigilance and chronic arousal

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5
Q

Acute Stress Disorder

A

Disorder similar to post-traumatic stress disorder but occurs within 1 month of exposure to the stressor and does not last more than 4 weeks; often involves dissociative symptoms

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6
Q

Adjustment Disorder

A

Stress-related disorder that involves emotional and behavioral symptoms (depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and/or antisocial behaviors) that arise within 3 months of the onset of a stressor.

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7
Q

Stress-management Interventions

A

Strategies that teach clients to overcome the problems in their lives that are increasing their stress.

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8
Q

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI’s)

A

Class of antidepressant drugs

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9
Q

Panic Attacks

A

Short, intense periods during which an individual experiences physiological and cognitive symptoms of anxiety, characterized by intense fear and discomfort

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10
Q

Panic Disorder

A

Disorder characterized by recurrent, unexpected panic attacks.

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11
Q

Agoraphobia

A

Anxiety disorder characterized by fear of places and situations in which it would be difficult to escape, such as enclosed places, open spaces, and crowds.

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12
Q

Limbic System

A

Part of the brain that relays information from the primitive brain stem about changes in bodily functions to the cortex, where the information is interpreted.

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13
Q

Locus Ceruleus

A

Area of the brain stem that plays a part in the emergency response and may be involved in panic attacks

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14
Q

Anxiety Sensitivity

A

Belief that bodily symptoms have harmful consequences.

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15
Q

Interoceptive Conditioning

A

Process by which symptoms of anxiety that have preceded panic attacks become the signals for new panic attacks

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16
Q

Conditioned Avoidance Response

A

Behavior that is reinforced because it allows individuals to avoid situations that cause anxiety.

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17
Q

Specific Phobias

A

Extreme fears of specific objects or situations that cause an individual to routinely avoid those objects or situations

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18
Q

Animal Type Phobias

A

Extreme fear of specific animals that may induce immediate and intense panic attacks and cause the individual to go to great lengths to avoid the animals.

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19
Q

Natural Environment Type Phobias

A

Extreme fears of events or situations in the natural environment that cause impairment in one’s ability to function normally

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20
Q

Situational Type Phobias

A

Extreme fears of situations such as public transportation, tunnels, bridges, elevators, flying, driving, or enclosed spaces.

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21
Q

Blood-Injection-Injury Type Phobias

A

Extreme fears of seeing blood or an injury or of receiving an injection or another invasive medical procedure, which cause a drop in heart rate and blood pressure and fainting

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22
Q

Social Phobia

A

Extreme fear of being judged or embarrassed in front of people, causing the individual to avoid social situations.

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23
Q

Negative Reinforcement

A

Process in which people avoid being exposed to feared objects and their avoidance is reinforced by the subsequent reduction of their anxiety.

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24
Q

Prepared Classical Conditioning

A

Theory that evolution has prepared people to be easily conditioned to fear objects or situations that were dangerous in ancient times.

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25
Q

Applied Tension Technique

A

Technique used to treat blood-injection-injury type phobias in which the therapist teaches the client to increase his or her blood pressure and heart rate, thus preventing the client from fainting.

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26
Q

Modeling

A

Process of learning behaviors by imitating others, especially authority figures or people like oneself

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27
Q

Flooding

A

Behavioral technique in which a client is intensively exposed to a feared object until the anxiety diminishes (also called implosive therapy)

28
Q

Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)

A

Anxiety disorder characterized by chronic anxiety in daily life

29
Q

Obsessions

A

Uncontrollable, persistent thoughts, images, ideas, or impulses that an individual feels intrude on his or her consciousness and that cause significant anxiety or distress.

30
Q

Compulsions

A

Repetitive behaviors or mental acts that an individual feels he or she must perform

31
Q

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

A

Anxiety disorder characterized by obsessions (persistent thoughts) and compulsions (rituals)

32
Q

Exposure and Response Prevention

A

Type of therapy in which individuals with anxiety symptoms are exposed repeatedly to the focus of their anxiety but prevented from avoiding it or engaging in compulsive responses to the anxiety

33
Q

Somatoform Disorders

A

Disorders marked by unpleasant or painful physical symptoms that have no apparent organic cause and that are not physiologically possible, suggesting that psychological factors are involved.

34
Q

Psychosomatic Disorders

A

Syndromes marked by unidentifiable physical illness or defect caused at least partly by psychological factors.

35
Q

Malinger

A

Feigning of a symptom or a disorder for the purpose of avoiding an unwanted situation, such as military service.

36
Q

Dissociation

A

Process whereby different facets of an individual’s sense of self, memories, or consciousness become split off from one another.

37
Q

Factitious Disorder

A

Disorders marked by deliberately faking physical or mental illness to gain medical attention.

38
Q

Factitious Disorder by Proxy

A

Disorder in which the individual creates an illness in another individual in order to gain attention.

39
Q

Conversion Disorder

A

Syndrome marked by a sudden loss of functioning in a part of the body, usually following an extreme psychological stressor.

40
Q

Glove Anesthesia

A

State in which people lose all feeling in one hand, as if they were wearing a glove that wiped out all physical symptoms.

41
Q

Somatization Disorder

A

Syndrome marked by the chronic experience of unpleasant or painful physical symptoms for which no organic cause and that often are not physiologically possible, suggesting that psychological factors are involved.

42
Q

Pain Disorder

A

Syndrome marked by the chronic experience of acute pain that appears to have no physical cause.

43
Q

Hypochondriasis

A

Syndrome marked by chronic worry that one has a physical symptom or disease that one clearly does not have.

44
Q

Body Dysmorphic Disorder

A

Syndrome involving obsessive concern over a part of the body the individual believes is defective.

45
Q

Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID)

A

Syndrome in which a person develops more than one distinct identity or personality, each of which can have distinct facial and verbal expressions, gestures, interpersonal styles, attitudes, and even physiological responses.

46
Q

Dissociative Fugue

A

Disorder in which a person moves away and assumes a new identity, with amnesia for the previous identity.

47
Q

Dissociative Amnesia

A

Loss of memory for important facts about a person’s own life and personal identity, usually including the awareness of this memory loss.

48
Q

Organic Amnesia

A

Loss of memory caused by brain injury resulting from disease, drugs, accidents (blows to head), or surgery

49
Q

Anterograde amnesia

A

Deficit in the ability to learn new information

50
Q

Psychogenic amnesia

A

Loss of memory in the absence of any brain injury or disease and thought to have psychological cause.

51
Q

Retrograde Amnesia

A

Deficit in the ability to recall previously learned information of past events.

52
Q

Depersonalization Disorder

A

Syndrome marked by frequent episodes of feeling detached from one’s own body and mental processes, as if one were an outside observer of oneself; symptoms must cause significant distress or interference with one’s ability to function.

53
Q

Sleep Disorders Related to a General Medical Condition

A

Sleep disorders that result from the physiological effects of a medical condition, such as arthritis or pulmonary disease.

54
Q

Substance-induced sleep disorders

A

Sleep disturbances due to the use of substances, including prescription medication (e.g., medications that control hypertension or cardiac arrhythmias) and non prescription substances (e.g., alcohol and caffeine)

55
Q

Primary sleep disorders

A

Category of sleep disorders including dyssomnias and parasomnias

56
Q

Dyssomnias

A

Primary sleep disorders that involve abnormalities in the amount, quality, or timing of sleep.

57
Q

Primary Insomnia

A

Difficulty in initiating or maintaining sleep, or sleep that chronically does not restore energy and alertness.

58
Q

Primary Hypersomnia

A

Sleep disorder in which people are chronically sleepy and sleep for long periods of time, leading to social and occupational impairment

59
Q

Narcolepsy

A

Sleep disorder characterized by irresistible attacks of sleep plus (1) cataplexy or (2) recurrent intrusions of elements of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep into the transition between sleep and wakefulness.

60
Q

Breathing-related sleep disorder

A

Group of sleep disorders characterized by numerous brief sleep disturbances due to problems breathing

61
Q

Central Sleep Apnea

A

Sleep disorder characterized by complete cessation of respiratory activity for brief periods of time (20 seconds or more); sufferers do not have frequent awakenings and do not tend to feel tired during the day; occurs when the brain does not send the signal to breath to the respiratory system

62
Q

Obstructive Sleep Apnea

A

Sleep disorder characterized by repeated episodes of upper-airway obstruction during sleep.

63
Q

Circadian Rhythm Sleep Disorder

A

Sleep disorder characterized by insomnia or excessive sleepiness during the day due to disruptions in circadian rhythms

64
Q

Parasomnias

A

Primary sleep disorders that involve abnormal behavioral and physiological events occurring during sleep.

65
Q

Nightmare Disorder

A

Sleep disorder Characterized by nightmares frequent enough to cause significant distress or impairment in functioning.

66
Q

Sleep Terror Disorder

A

Sleep disorder in which the individual screams, sweats, and has a racing heart during NREM sleep; the person cannot be easily wakened and usually does not remember the episode on awakening

67
Q

Sleep Walking Disorder

A

Sleep disorder characterized by repeated episodes of walking during NREM sleep

Abnormal Psychology (5 decks)

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