Exam 1-PSY 320 Flashcards
Mental Hygiene Movement
Movement to treat mental patients more humanely and to view mental disorders as medical diseases.
Psychopathology
Symptoms that cause mental, emotional, and/or physical pain.
Continuum Model of Abnormality
Model of abnormality that views mental disorders not as categorically different from “normal” experiences but as lying somewhere along a continuum from healthy, functional behavior, thoughts, and feelings to unhealthy, dysfunctional behaviors, thoughts, and feelings.
Cultural Relativism
View that norms among cultures set the standard for what counts as normal behavior, which implies that abnormal behavior can only be defined relative to these norms and that no universal definition of abnormality is therefore possible; only definitions of abnormality relative to a specific culture are possible.
Unusualness
Criterion for abnormality that suggests that abnormal behaviors are rare or unexpected.
Distress
In defining abnormality, the view that behaviors should be considered abnormal only if the individual suffers distress and wishes to be rid of the behaviors.
Mental Illness
Phrase used to refer a physical illnesses that causes severe abnormal thoughts, behaviors, and feelings.
Biological Theories
Theories of abnormality that focus on biological causes of abnormal behaviors.
Supernatural Theories
Theories that see mental disorders as the result of super natural forces, such as divine intervention, curses, demonic possession, and/or personal sins; mental disorders then can be cured through religious rituals, exorcisms, confessions, and/or death.
Psychological Theories
Theories that view mental disorders as caused by psychological processes, such as beliefs, thinking styles and coping styles
Trephination
Procedure in which holes were drilled in the skulls of people displaying abnormal behavior, presumably to allow evil spirits to depart their bodies; performed in the Stone Age
Psychic Epidemics
Phenomena in which large numbers of people begin to engage in unusual behaviors that appear to have a psychological origin
Moral Treatment
Type of treatment delivered in mental hospitals in which patients were treated with respect and dignity and were encouraged to exercise self-control
General Paresis
Disease that leads to paralysis, insanity, and eventually death; discovery of this disease helped establish a connection between biological diseases and mental disorders
Mesmerism
Treatment for hysterical patients based on the idea that magnetic fluids in the patients’ bodies are affected by the magnetic forces of other people and objects; the patients’ magnetic forces are thought to be realigned by the practitioner through his or her own magnetic force.
Psychoanalysis
Form of treatment for psychopathology involving alleviating unconscious conflicts driving psychological symptoms by helping people gain insight into their conflicts and finding ways of resolving these conflicts.
Behaviorism
Study of the impact of reinforcements and punishments on behavior.
Cognitions
Thoughts or Beliefs
Self-efficacy beliefs
Beliefs that one can engage in the behaviors necessary to overcome a situation
Patient’s Rights Movement
Movement to ensure that mental patients retain their basic rights and to remove them from institutions and care for them in the community
Community Mental Health Centers
Institutions for the treatment of people with mental health problems in the community; may include teams of social workers, therapists, and physicians who coordinate care.
Halfway Houses
Living facilities that offer people with long-term mental health problems the opportunity to live in a structured, supportive environment while they are trying to reestablish employment and ties to family and friends.
Day Treatment Centers
Mental Health facilities that allow people to obtain treatment, along with occupational and rehabilitative therapies, during the day but to live at home at night.
Managed Care
Health care system I which all necessary services for an individual patient are supposed to be coordinated by a primary care provider; the goals are to coordinate services for an existing medical problem and to prevent future medical problems.