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Geology II > Exam 2- Plate Tectonics > Flashcards

Exam 2- Plate Tectonics Flashcards

1
Q

What is continental crust made out of?

A

Made of granite

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2
Q

What is oceanic crust made out of?

A

Made of basalt

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3
Q

Which is denser: continental or oceanic crust?

A

Oceanic crust is denser than continental

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4
Q

Why does plate tectonics matter?

A

It creates the world as we know it, but as the plates move/shift, it is very destructive as well.

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5
Q

how continents (and ocean crust) move

A

plate tectonics

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6
Q

What is mantle convection and how does it affect the movement of continents?

A
  • Mantle convection: when warm rock rises and cool rock sinks; density decreases as rock gets hotter and they rise
  • Plate movement is driven by mantle convection. (Causes the inclusion of mantle material into the crust at mid-ocean ridges and recycling of crust into the mantle at subduction zones)
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7
Q

What are the four basic parts of the structure of the Earth?

A
  1. Crust
  2. Mantle
  3. Outer Core
  4. Inner Core
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8
Q

What is the crust?

A

On the outside, the thinnest part; it’s where we live

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9
Q

What makes up the greatest thickness of the Earth and is underneath the crust?

A

Mantle

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10
Q

There is more (crust/mantle) than anything else.

A

Mantle

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11
Q

What is the most abundant rock type in the continental crust?

A

granite

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12
Q

Without the difference in density between the two crusts, we wouldn’t have _______ _______.

A

plate tectonics

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13
Q

What is the mantle? –> A (cool/hot) (solid/liquid)

A

A hot solid

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14
Q

What is the hottest part of the Earth?

A

The core

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14
Q

What is the mantle heated by?

A

the core

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15
Q

The density of rocks in mantle convection (increases/decreases) as they get hotter and rise.

A

decreases

16
Q

What is the best evidence of movement happening within the Earth?

A

Earthquakes and volcanoes

17
Q

Tectonic plates is parts of the (crust/mantle) moving in different directions from each other.

A

crust

18
Q

What are the three possible movements at plate boundaries? Briefly describe them.

A
  1. Divergent: moving apart
  2. Convergent: moving together
  3. Transform: moving past
19
Q

Which type of plate boundary creates new oceanic crust?

A

Divergent boundary

20
Q

T or F: All divergent boundaries are underwater.

A

False; most are, but some aren’t

21
Q

The divergent boundary is a place where the hot mantle is (rising/dropping). The _______ from below has broken the crust at a divergent boundary.

A

rising; pressure

22
Q

What makes new crust at mid-ocean ridges?

A

Volcanic eruptions

23
Q

What happens to old oceanic crust at a convergent plate boundary? Why?

A

Old oceanic crust is pushed down b/c the less dense crust goes over the denser crust (easier to make the more dense crust sink)

24
Q

At convergent boundaries, movements must be _____ or ______.

A

up or down

25
Q

When two plates collied, the (more/less) dense crust goes over the (more/less) dense crust. So, (oceanic/continental) goes over (continental/oceanic)

A
  • less; more
  • continental; oceanic
26
Q

What happens when two oceanic crusts meet at a convergent boundary?

A

The younger oceanic crust goes over the older oceanic crust

27
Q

At an ocean-continent convergence, the mantle is (cooling/melting) and this creates _________.

A

melting; volcanoes

28
Q

T or F: Anywhere subduction is happening, there are going to be volcanoes.

A

True

29
Q

At an ocean-continent convergence, what three things can appear and why?

A
  1. Volcanoes – mantle melting
  2. Earthquakes – pressure
  3. Mountains – pressure pushes up mountains
30
Q

What happens when both plates at a convergent boundary are made of continental crust?

A

Neither continent can subduct (not dense enough), so there is no melting or volcanoes.

31
Q

What is created at continent-continent convergent boundaries?

A

BIG mountains created by pressure because continental crust is getting super thick here (ex: Himalayan Mountains)

32
Q

What is created at transform boundaries? What is not?

A
  • Created: earthquakes (like San Andreas Fault)
  • Not created: volcanoes, mountains (because nothing is pushed up or down)

Geology II (13 decks)

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