Exam 2 Pain Chapter Flashcards
Intense but time limited pain that is generally the result of tissue damage or disease
Acute pain
Examples of acute pain
Broken bone, cut, bruise, or labor of child birth
Often begins as acute pain but does not go away after a minimum of 6 months
A disorder characterized by widespread musculoskeletal chronic pain accompanied by fatigue, sleep, memory, and mood issues
Fibromyalgia
A headache that can cause acute throbbing pain or pulsing sensation
Migraine
Benign but persistent pain that is hard to manage
Intractable benign pain
Chronic back pain is an example of
Intractable benign pain
Pain that continues for 12 weeks or longer
Chronic back pain
Pain that originates from a malignant condition ( continues and worsens over time )
Progressive pain
Example of progressive pain
Osteoarthritis
Feeling pain can be ____ to long term health and survival
Beneficial
Specific sensory receptors for different types of sensations such as pain, warmth, tough, and pressure
Specific theory
Describes pain as resulting from the type of stimulation received by the nerve endings and theorizes the key determination of pain is the intensity of the stimulation
Pattern their
An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage
Pain
At the most basic level, pain can be referred to as _____
Nociception
Involves the activiatiin of specialized nerve fibers and receptors
Nociception
When our bodies detect a noxious stimulus, the ________ jumps into action and he heart beats faster, blood pressure arises
Automatic nervous system
Many cultural factors influence the perception and experience of pain but the two that stand out are
Sex and ethnicity
Boys are socialized to not _____ themselves when experiencing pain and girls are socialized to express pain
Express
Purely psychological pain without a physiological basis
psychogenic
Pure nociception without significant psychological pain
Neuropathic
Physiological pain without specific tissue damage
Somatic
4 distinct physiological processes to understand pain
Transduction, transmission, modulation, and perception
Sensory detectors in pain
Transduction
Energy is transmitted to CNS
Transmission
Neural activity in brain
Modulation
End result of process of pain
Perception
Hospitals use a continuous measure of pain intensity like a
Numeric rating scale, verbal rating scale, and visual analog scale
Issue with the scale is that it is fully
Subjective
One benefit of the scale is its usefulness in the
ER
Earliest and most frequent questionnaires and draws on the fact that we use words to describe pain
McGill Pain questionnaire
Provided one of the first theories of how we experience pain
Descartes
First models to allow for the role of emotions and perceptions
Pain prone personality
People get conditioned to experience pain on the basis of learned expectations
Cognitive behavioral model
Most effective and most studied biopsychosocial theory
Gate control theory of pain
