exam 2 outline 6 protista

Question 1

general characteristic of protista

Answer 1

Protista eukaryotic

• mostly unicellular
• mainly reproduce by mitosis(asexual reproduction)
• very mixed group ( very heterogenus group)
  - if a eukaryote is not a fungus or not a plant or not an animal it is classified as a protist

Question 2

algae general info

Answer 2

• photosynthetic
• all algae protists have chlorophyll a
• some possess additional photosynthetic pigments (absorbs red and blue lights)

Question 3

protazoa general info

Answer 3

• heterotrophic microscopic no cell wall chemoheterotrophs-heterotropic animal like protozoa protists

Question 4

fungus like protists general info

Answer 4

Heterotropic fungus-like protists- slide molds and water molds
Multinucleate some motile cells
- Both slime and water molds produce spores inside sporangia
- Water molds have a fuzzy macroscopic appearance (hyphae)

Question 5

1. Phylum Myxomycota. Slide molds

Answer 5

fungus like protists- active phase is coenocytic(aseptate/multinucleate) diploid plasmodium(form or shape/ naked photoplasm no cell wall) heterotrophic by ingestion
Moves through pseudopodia
Ingests food through phagocytosis-heterotrophic by ingestion
- When environmental conditions deteriorate it produces spore producing structures.
- Meiosis produces spores

Question 6

2. Phylum Oomycota

Answer 6

fungus like protists- Neither-Diploid

• Protists- Cell walls that are composed of cellulose
• Fungi-Aseptate hyphae
• Fungi-Heterotrophic by absorbsion
• fungus/protists-Flagellated motile spores that require water for dispersal .

Question 7

1. Phylum Bacillariophyta

Answer 7

algae diatoms (unicellular, yellow brown, silica embedded cell wall(strong), no flagella, present in fresh(bilateral symmetry) and salt water(radial symmetry)(star).

Question 8

2. Phylum Pyrrophyta

Answer 8

algae- Dinoflagellates
Mostly unicellular, two flagella, cell wall internal, mostly marine (salt water)
- cause red tide
-some produce toxins paralyzing neurotoxin
- accumulate in invertebrate animals without killing them, humans who eat these can die
-some produce bioluminescent chemicals (give off blueish green light)

Question 9

3. Phylum Euglenophyta

Answer 9

algaeglen means eyeball, unicellular, green, no cell wall, one visible flagellum, mostly fresh water
-Euglena has a red eye spot, not real eye but light sensitive region

Question 10

4. Phylum Chlorophyta

Answer 10

algaegreen algae- wide range of sizes(mostly microscopic) green, cell wall composed of cellous, some are motile with two parallel flagella per cell but not all are motile, mostly freshwater, largest group of algae species +7000 species

Question 11

5. Phylum Rhodophyta

Answer 11

algaered algae, macroscopic, multicellular, red, cell wall, mitile in some sexually reproductive cells
Mostly marine

Question 12

6. Phylum Phaeophyta

Answer 12

algae- brown algae, multicellular (medium to large seaweed) brown, cell wall, sexual reproductive cells are only motile.

• life cycle is mostly sexual
• alteration of generations(plants)
• mostly marine

Question 13

1. Phylum Sarcodina

Answer 13

protazoa amoebas – unicellular with pseudopodia, mostly free living, found in marine and fresh water.

Question 14

2. Phylum Ciliophora

Answer 14

protazoa Ciliates cil(hair) unicellular with cilia most complex unicellular, most free living, fresh and marine water

Question 15

3. Phylum Mastigophora

Answer 15

protazoa-Heterotrophic flagellates-unicellular with flagella mostly PARASITIC
Ex African Sleeping sickness caused by trypanosoma brucei
Transited by the tsetse fly
-Giadria causes dysentery

Question 16

4. Phylum Apicomplexa

Answer 16

protazoaSporazoas parasitic, complex life cycle, unicellular
Ex plasmodium- malaria-2 host life cycle a mosquitoes and then human
Mosquitoes contains the protozoan parasite bite the human and transfer the parasite

Question 17

phylum bacilioiphyta ecological and economical importance

Answer 17

Ecological importance- diatoms are the bases of marine food chains
-component of phytoplankton the only photosynthetic organism in the open sea
-when they die their structures resist decay and form deposits on the bottom of the sea called- diatomaceous earth
- economic importance
-diatom earth used for abrasives
( toothpaste + metal polish)
Aquarium
Pesticides
Insulation(high temps)

Question 18

phylum chlorophyta evolutionary importance

Answer 18

Evolutionary importance
-their photosynthetic pigments are similar to higher plants.
The group is probably the evolutionary ancestor of plants.

Question 19

Phylum Rhodophyta ecological and economical

Answer 19

Ecological importance- accessory pigments make them have very efficient photosynthetic abilities.
-found at great depths (175 m) deeper than any other photoautotroph
-very tough can survive wave action on the shoreline.
-some red algae will secrete calcium carbonate (lime stone)
-involved in reef building
Economic importance-
-red algae is the source of agar extract

Question 20

paeophyta ecologic and economic importance

Answer 20

Ecological Importance
-live near shore where wave action is most severe.
-robust seaweed
-Holdfast (comparable to roots) to hold on to rocks
- floats keeps blades near water surface.
Economical-
-Allegan extract
- used in ice cream and cosmetics to give smooth consistency
- Eaten as food in east Asia

Question 21

phylum sarcodina importance

Answer 21

• The foraminifera, a marine group, they are the base component of zooplankton
  At the base of a marine food chain.
  -Entamoeba- intestinal parasite that causes dysentery