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Peds I > Exam 2 - Oral Health/Cleft Lip > Flashcards

Exam 2 - Oral Health/Cleft Lip Flashcards

1
Q

How many primary teeth do babies have and at what age should they all be present?

A

20

Age 3

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2
Q

What allows baby teeth decay to advance quickly?

A

Thin enamel

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3
Q

When do baby teeth first start coming in?

A

4-15mo

*later for premature and low birth weight babies

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4
Q

Which baby teeth are usually lost first?

A

Lower incisors

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5
Q

When does eruption of permanent teeth being and end?

A

6-12

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6
Q

What is mixed dentition?

A

Primary and permanent teeth

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7
Q

Why is it important to maintain healthy baby teeth?

A

The baby teeth can directly affect the permanent teeth

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8
Q

How do early caries (cavities) present?

A

Decalcification

White spots that don’t wipe off

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9
Q

How do you prevent progression of caries?

A

Plaque removal and fluoride

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10
Q

What are the stages of caries progression?

A
  1. Decalcification
  2. Moderate caries
  3. Severe caries
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11
Q

How do moderate caries (cavities) present?

A

Brown or black spots

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12
Q

How do severe caries (cavities) present?

A

Risk of fracture
Affects chewing
High risk of infection

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13
Q

What is a major cause of Early Childhood Caries (ECC)?

A

Refined carbohhydrates

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14
Q

What is Early Childhood Carries (ECC)?

A

Results in severe decay and destruction

Transmissible (younger than age 5)

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15
Q

If a parent or sibling has cavities why are their children at higher risk for also developing cavities?

A

Transfer of bacteria

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16
Q

If a child uses a bottle after 15mo why are they at higher risk of developing cavities?

A

Carbs have more contact with teeth

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17
Q

When is breast milk cariogenic?

A

When combined with carbohydrates

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18
Q

When should oral hygiene be introduced?

A

Once teeth are present following feeding (breast or bottle)

19
Q

When should a sippy cup be introduced, and when should a bottle be eliminated?

A

Introduce a cup as soon as child can sit up unsupported and eliminate bottle by 1 year

20
Q

When should fruit juice be given?

A

WIth meals

21
Q

What types of food should be avoided?

A

Avoid sticky foods: raisins, fruit leathers, candy

22
Q

Can teething cause diarrhea, rashes, or fever?

A

No

23
Q

What are some helpful tips for parents with teething babies?

A
  • Give the baby something cold to chew
  • Regularly wash teething rings
  • Rub gums with a clean finger
  • Acetaminophen
24
Q

When should children discontinue sucking habits?

A

2-4

QUIT by age 4

25
Q

What is the toothbrushing recommendation for children <1y?

A

Clean with soft toothbrush

26
Q

What is the toothbrushing recommendation for children 1-2y?

A

Parent should perform brushing with a smear of fluoride toothpaste 2x/day

27
Q

What is the toothbrushing recommendation for children 2-6y?

A

Pea-sized fluoride toothpaste 2x/day parent perform/supervise

28
Q

What is the toothbrushing recommendation for children >6y?

A

Brush with fluoride toothpaste 2x/day

29
Q

How much fluoride toothpaste should a child under the age of 2 use?

A

Smear

30
Q

How much fluoride toothpaste should a child under the age of 2-6 use?

A

Pea-sized

31
Q

What can excessive fluoride cause?

A

Flurosis

32
Q

When does threat of fluorosis disappear?

A

Age 8

33
Q

When can a start brushing independently?

A

Age 6

34
Q

When should flossing begin? And at what age do children no longer need assistance?

A

When teeth touch

Age 8-10

35
Q

What are the most common structural birth detects?

A

Orofacial clefts

36
Q

What are some risk factors for orofacial clefts?

A

Maternal smoking, drinking, diabetes, and obesity

37
Q

What populations have the highest prevalence of orofacial clefts?

A

American Indian

38
Q

How do clefts affect feeding?

A
  • Difficulty forming negative pressure for sucking breast or bottle
  • Overcome with nipples that extend further
  • Frequent burping necessary due to baby swallowing air
  • Feed more upright
39
Q

How do clefts affect ears?

A
  • Slack palate muscles close middle ear space leaving no mechanism for drainage
  • Bacteria from nasopharynx accumulate in fluid leading to infection
  • Chronic inflammation leads to hearing impairment
40
Q

How do clefts affect speech?

A
  1. Retardation of consonant sounds
  2. Hypernasality may remain after surgical repair
  3. Dental malocclusion (abnormal bite) and abnormal tongue placement may produce an articulation problem
  4. Hearing problem
41
Q

What are associated anomalies of clefts? (3)

A

30% have other anomalies
10% have congenital heart disease
10% have some degree of mental retardation

42
Q

How are nasoalveolar moldings (NAM) used?

A
  • NAM shapes mouth and improves nose as early as first week
  • Worn 24 hours a day only removed for cleaning
  • Unilateral clefts 3 months
  • Bilateral clefts 6 months
  • Aid with feeding
43
Q

How do clefts cause dental problems?

A
  • Clefts affect the development of primary and permanent teeth
  • Absence of teeth or supernumeraries (extra teeth)
  • Can affect the development of the upper jaw

Peds I (5 decks)

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