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Health Assessment > Exam 2 - Musculoskeletal > Flashcards

Exam 2 - Musculoskeletal Flashcards

1
Q

Ataxia

A

lack of muscle coordination that may affect speech, eye movements, the ability to swallow, walking and voluntary movements

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2
Q

Crepitus

A

popping or cracking of a joint, bony fractures, inflammation, arthritis, clicking, popping, or grating

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3
Q

Dorsal

A

pertaining to the back

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4
Q

Flaccid

A

Lack of muscle tone

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5
Q

ROM

A

The distance that a joint can move to its full potential

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6
Q

4 Elements of Musculoskeletal Exam

A

Inspection
Palpation
ROM
Strength

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7
Q

Elements of the musculoskeletal exam

A

exam of all joints moves from proximal to distal

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8
Q

Describe the grading of muscle strength

A

0 - no muscle contraction
1 - palpable muscle contraction but no movement
2 - full ROM without gravity (passive motion)
3- full ROM with gravity

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9
Q

Describe the grading of muscle strength

A

4 - Full ROM against gravity with moderate resistance

5 - Full ROM against gravity with full resistance (normal)

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10
Q

Flexion

A

bending movement that decreases the angle between 2 parts of the body

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11
Q

Flexion Joints

A

shoulders, elbows, wrist, fingers, hips, cervical spine, thoracic/lumber spine, hands, feet, knee

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12
Q

Extension

A

a straightening movement that increases the angle between body parts

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13
Q

Extension Joints

A

wrist, fingers, hips, cervical spine, thoracic/lumbar spine, hands, feet, shoulders

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14
Q

Abduction

A

motion pulling a body part away from the midline of the body

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15
Q

Abduction Joints

A

shoulders, arms, hips

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16
Q

Adduction

A

motion that pulls a body part toward the midline of the body

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17
Q

Adduction Joints

A

shoulders, arms, hips

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18
Q

Circumduction

A

cobination of flexion, extension, adduction and abduction

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19
Q

Circumduction Joints

A

shoulder, hip, fingers, hands, feet, and head

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20
Q

Supination

A

movement of the forearm -palm faces up

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21
Q

Supination Joints

A

Elbow, foot

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22
Q

Pronation

A

palk moves to face inferiorly

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23
Q

Pronation Joints

A

Elbow, foot

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24
Q

Rotation

A

rotation toward or away from the center of the body

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25
Q

Rotation Joints

A

shoulders (internal and external)

Feet - internal/external

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26
Q

Rotation Joints

A

Arms - internal/external

Hips - internal/external

27
Q

Retraction

A

A nonangular posterior movement in a transverse plane

28
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

pulling toes toward the head

29
Q

Plantar flexion

A

pointing toes doward

30
Q

Inversion

A

sole of the foot is turned medially

31
Q

Eversion

A

sole of the foot faces laterally

32
Q

Protraction

A

a non angular anterior movement in a transverse plane

33
Q

Tophi

A

small lumps forming under the skin from complications of gouty arthritis

34
Q

Buldge sign

A

tests for small amounts of fluid on the knee

35
Q

Ballottment test

A

tests for large amount of fluid collection on the knee

36
Q

McMurray Test

A

for meniscus tears in the knee - positive test includes pain or clicking with knee flexion and rotation

37
Q

Phalens test and Tinels

A

for carpel tunnel

38
Q

Boutonniere and swan neck deformity

A

flexion contractures associated with RA

39
Q

Heberden and Bouchard

A

nodes occur in Osteoarthritis

40
Q

Ulnar deviation

A

a condition where the wrist or fingers shift in the direction of the Ulna

41
Q

Lasaque test or Straight Leg Raise Test

A

testing the sciatic nerve, physical exam of pts with low back impairments

42
Q

Hip Dysplasia Tests - Infant and Child

A

Allis Sign, Barlow Test, Ortolanti’s Test

43
Q

Describe signs and symptoms associated with bony fracture movement

A

swelling or bruising over a bone, deformity of an arm or leg, pain in the injured area, loss of function in the injured area

44
Q

Nerve impingement symptoms - Cervical Neck

A

numbness, tingling, pain, localized in the neck or radiating down the left or right upper extremities

45
Q

Lumbar spine symptoms of nerve impingement

A

same as neck except symptoms in lower extremities

46
Q

Describe Dislocation

A

Joint is no longer where it is supposed to be

47
Q

Describe Subluxation

A

minor dislocation. Joint is a little off and shifted

48
Q

Describe Contracture

A

muscles contract - a deformity is a result of stiffness or constriction in the muscles, joints, tendons, ligaments

49
Q

Ankylosis

A

abnormal adhesion or immobility of the bones in a joint.

50
Q

Active ROM

A

patient performs the exercise to move the joint without any assistance to the muscles

51
Q

Passive ROM

A

Therapist or equipment moves the joint through the range of motion with no effort from the patient

52
Q

Femur Fracture S&S

A

severe pain, swelling, tenderness, bruising, deformity, shortening of the leg

53
Q

Hip Fracture S&S

A

Hip pain radiates to the knee, low back pain, inability to stand or walk, bruising or swelling, leg looks shorter, foot turned out at angle

54
Q

Hip dislocation

A

deformed, out of place, swollen, discolored, intensely painful, immoveable

55
Q

Developmental considerations Infant-Children

A

Spina bifida - congental

56
Q

Testing for Hip Dysplasia

A

Dr. will check for “hip click” when performing tests. Allis Sign, Barlow Test, Tolantis Test

57
Q

Kyphosis in elderly

A

exaggerated spine convexity

cause: degenerative disease and vertebrae fractures

58
Q

Hip dysfunction in elderly

A

inflammation in the hip joint and breakdown of cartilage that cushions hip joints
Cause - osteoarthritis and RA

59
Q

Gait disturbance in the elderly

A

Parkinson’s disease - stooped posture and short shuffling gait
Ataxic gait - loss of voluntary coordination, unsteady gait
Cause: stroke, head trauma, viral infection of the brain, MS, CP

60
Q

Contractures in the elderly

A

affects residents in long term care facilities due to being frail, limited mobility, ROM, which leads to weakened muscles and brittle bones - not enough physical exercise

61
Q

Lordosis

A

cartilage in pelvis softens in pregnant female, concave shape of the spine
Cause: pregnancy

62
Q

Scoliosis

A

spine will be S shaped, uneven shoulders, scapulae, hips, and leg lengths associated with scoliosis

63
Q

Landmarks for checking adolescent scoliosis?

A

unequal shoulder elevation, unequal scapula, obvious curvature and unequal hip level

Health Assessment (5 decks)

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