Exam 2- Measure of Resource Selection Flashcards

1
Q

What is the scale of selection?

A

First order selection
Second order selection
Third order selection
Fourth order selection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

First order selection

A

Selection of geographical range

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Second order selection

A

Selection of a home range within that geographical range

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Third order selection

A

Differential use of sites within the home range

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Fourth order selection

A

Procurement of food items from among those available at a feeding site.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Use

A

An animal or species occupies a vegetation type or consumes a resource.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Availability

A

Quantity of vegetation type or resource accessible for the animal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Selection

A

A resource is used in a way that is disproportionate to its availability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Preference

A

Selection independent of availability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

There are 3 way to go about measuring resource use, what are they?

A
  1. Direct observation
  2. Radiotelemetry
  3. Indirect measure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is included under direct observation as a method of measuring resource use?

A
  1. Must have good visibility
  2. Potential bias due to differential visibility
  3. Photos
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is included under radiotelemetry as a method of measuring resource use?

A
  1. Most common method

2. Error assessment must be done to determine if accuracy is good enough.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is included under indirect measure as a method of measuring resource use?

A
  1. Use presence of sign (tracks, feces, browse/feeding) in various habitats to assess use.
  2. Bias due to differential production or visibility of sign among habitats.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a good method of measuring habitat availability?

A

Some sort of mapping activity; GIS/Remote sensing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are some challenges to analyzing resource use?

A
  1. Lack of independence in use data
  2. Lack of independence in habitat use proportions
  3. Arbitrary definition of availability
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Steps under second order selection (example)

A
  1. Construct home ranges
    -Minimum convex polygon (MCP)
    -Kernel Method
  2. Define availability
  3. Statistically compare used areas to available areas
    -Compositional Analysis based on Multivariate
    Analysis of Variance
17
Q

What do you do when using a Minimum Convex Polygon?

A

Connect the dots around telemetry points.

More locations=greater area

18
Q

What type of statistical estimate is the Kernel method?

A

Probability-based

More locations doesn’t mean greater area

19
Q

Steps under third order selection (example)

A
  1. Plot points used
  2. Overlay on vegetation cover map
  3. Generate non-use points
  4. Compare used vs. non-used points
20
Q

Methods of measuring food use

A
  1. Direct observation
  2. Feeding site investigations
  3. Post-ingestion studies
    a) . Fecal or pellet analysis
    b) . Digestive tract analysis
21
Q

What do you need when using direct observation as a method of measuring food use?

A
  1. Make direct observations of feeding activity
  2. Need highly visible animals in open habitat
    • biases due to visibility differences possible
22
Q

What do you need when using Feeding Site Investigations as a method of measuring food use?

A
  1. Measure use of vegetation between grazed and ungrazed plots.
  2. Use exclosures
  3. Clip and weigh vegetation of various species
23
Q

Which is the most common type of food analysis?

A

Post-Ingestion studies

24
Q

What are two types of post-ingestion studies?

A
  1. fecal or pellet analysis

2. digestive tract analysis

25
Fecal or pellet analysis
includes both carnivores & herbivores noninvasive potential bias bc remains can be hard to ID
26
What is the difference in digestive tract analysis of mammals and birds? What may be necessary in order to ID?
Mammals: stomach contents Birds: crop contents -microscopic analysis of food items
27
What are some techniques for measuring availability of vegetation as food?
1. Many sampling techniques - Line-Intercept - Daubenmire square 2. Ungulate browse surveying 3. Mast traps
28
What technique is used to determine abundance in terms of carnivore food availability?
Trapping