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Wildlife Techniques > Exam 2- Measure of Resource Selection > Flashcards

Exam 2- Measure of Resource Selection Flashcards

1
Q

What is the scale of selection?

A

First order selection
Second order selection
Third order selection
Fourth order selection

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2
Q

First order selection

A

Selection of geographical range

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3
Q

Second order selection

A

Selection of a home range within that geographical range

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4
Q

Third order selection

A

Differential use of sites within the home range

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5
Q

Fourth order selection

A

Procurement of food items from among those available at a feeding site.

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6
Q

Use

A

An animal or species occupies a vegetation type or consumes a resource.

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7
Q

Availability

A

Quantity of vegetation type or resource accessible for the animal.

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8
Q

Selection

A

A resource is used in a way that is disproportionate to its availability

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9
Q

Preference

A

Selection independent of availability

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10
Q

There are 3 way to go about measuring resource use, what are they?

A
  1. Direct observation
  2. Radiotelemetry
  3. Indirect measure
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11
Q

What is included under direct observation as a method of measuring resource use?

A
  1. Must have good visibility
  2. Potential bias due to differential visibility
  3. Photos
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12
Q

What is included under radiotelemetry as a method of measuring resource use?

A
  1. Most common method

2. Error assessment must be done to determine if accuracy is good enough.

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13
Q

What is included under indirect measure as a method of measuring resource use?

A
  1. Use presence of sign (tracks, feces, browse/feeding) in various habitats to assess use.
  2. Bias due to differential production or visibility of sign among habitats.
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14
Q

What is a good method of measuring habitat availability?

A

Some sort of mapping activity; GIS/Remote sensing

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15
Q

What are some challenges to analyzing resource use?

A
  1. Lack of independence in use data
  2. Lack of independence in habitat use proportions
  3. Arbitrary definition of availability
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16
Q

Steps under second order selection (example)

A
  1. Construct home ranges
    -Minimum convex polygon (MCP)
    -Kernel Method
  2. Define availability
  3. Statistically compare used areas to available areas
    -Compositional Analysis based on Multivariate
    Analysis of Variance
17
Q

What do you do when using a Minimum Convex Polygon?

A

Connect the dots around telemetry points.

More locations=greater area

18
Q

What type of statistical estimate is the Kernel method?

A

Probability-based

More locations doesn’t mean greater area

19
Q

Steps under third order selection (example)

A
  1. Plot points used
  2. Overlay on vegetation cover map
  3. Generate non-use points
  4. Compare used vs. non-used points
20
Q

Methods of measuring food use

A
  1. Direct observation
  2. Feeding site investigations
  3. Post-ingestion studies
    a) . Fecal or pellet analysis
    b) . Digestive tract analysis
21
Q

What do you need when using direct observation as a method of measuring food use?

A
  1. Make direct observations of feeding activity
  2. Need highly visible animals in open habitat
    • biases due to visibility differences possible
22
Q

What do you need when using Feeding Site Investigations as a method of measuring food use?

A
  1. Measure use of vegetation between grazed and ungrazed plots.
  2. Use exclosures
  3. Clip and weigh vegetation of various species
23
Q

Which is the most common type of food analysis?

A

Post-Ingestion studies

24
Q

What are two types of post-ingestion studies?

A
  1. fecal or pellet analysis

2. digestive tract analysis

25
Q

Fecal or pellet analysis

A

includes both carnivores & herbivores
noninvasive
potential bias bc remains can be hard to ID

26
Q

What is the difference in digestive tract analysis of mammals and birds? What may be necessary in order to ID?

A

Mammals: stomach contents
Birds: crop contents
-microscopic analysis of food items

27
Q

What are some techniques for measuring availability of vegetation as food?

A
  1. Many sampling techniques
    • Line-Intercept
    • Daubenmire square
  2. Ungulate browse surveying
  3. Mast traps
28
Q

What technique is used to determine abundance in terms of carnivore food availability?

A

Trapping

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