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Mass Comm > Exam 2 mass comm > Flashcards

Exam 2 mass comm Flashcards

1
Q

Journalist Qualities

A

Balanced
Ethical
Accurate/verified
Creative

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2
Q

Factors of newsworthiness

A

Proximity
Prominence
Timeliness
Significance

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3
Q

Early Foundation - Bennett Model

A
  1. compelling events
  2. deadline driven
  3. objectivity
  4. veiling the reporter
  5. beats (reporter specialization)
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4
Q

deadline haste (JGB flaw)

A

superficiality of reporting/investigative reporting shelved

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5
Q

dullness (JGB flaw)

A

absence of opinion or bias sacrificed appeal/intrest

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6
Q

missed trends (JGB flaw)

A

deadlines obsession meant no reporting on event backgrounds

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7
Q

unasked questions (JGB flaw)

A

coverage was authority-centric, one-sided

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8
Q

manipulation (JGB flaw)

A

easy to manipulate reporting/influence coverage

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9
Q

Hutchens commision

A

attempt to reform journalism (1947)

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10
Q

Hutchens model

A

against- superficial, deadline-driven, fact-obsessed
changes- wanted accuracy, emphasis on presenting the broader picture (context)

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11
Q

Values that shape the news

A

journalists subjective judgment
personal value of journalists

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12
Q

journalists subjective judgment

A

journalists judge/decide what is news
- what stories to tell and how
- shape what is reported

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13
Q

Personal values of journalists

A
  1. ethnocentrism
  2. democracy and capitalism
  3. tempered individualism
  4. social order
  5. watchdog foundation (Herbert Gans)
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14
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

seeing things from American eyes
makes media not neutral
ex. media labels north vietnam as “enemy”

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15
Q

Democracy and capitalism

A

US journalists favor US style democracy
Want others to follow American standard

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16
Q

Tempered individualism

A

US journalists love stories about individuals who overcome adversity

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17
Q

Social order

A

Cover social disorder with a view to finding a way to restore order
ex. earthquakes, hurricanes, protests

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18
Q

watchdog functions

A

1st amendment designates the news media as a watchdog
Journalists hold people in positions of leadership accountable

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19
Q

Variable affecting news

A

news hole
news flow
staffing
audience expectations
competition

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20
Q

news hole

A

space available after accounting for ad space

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21
Q

news flow

A

supply of stories

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22
Q

staffing

A

having reporters

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23
Q

audience expectations

A

how a news org perceives its audience
ex. fox;conservative MSNBC;liberal

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24
Q

competition

A

news org scan and compete

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25
Q

Changes to newsroom journalism

A

less comprehensive coverage (layoffs)
Less enterprise, covering easier stories (less labor)
Less international & national news
Reporters assigned fewer/broader beats
less independent reporting due to sharing of stories

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26
Q

Non-stop coverage

A

led to pressure to produce quantity
- diminished opportunity for fresh reporting, news angles
- quality eroded

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27
Q

changes to live news

A
  1. diminished gatekeeping; raw coverage
  2. lost time for audience; time-consuming
  3. news getting gathered unveiled; audience witness journalistic processes
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28
Q

Competition in entertainment media

A

-competition for publication
-publication stories with rumors, half truths, and falsities
-illegal methods of getting news (spying, hacking, stalking)

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29
Q

authentic performance

A

live performance with audience

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30
Q

mediated performance

A

performance mediated through a medium

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31
Q

adult entertainment decency requirements

A

-courts define sexually acceptable content
-obscenity not allowed
-pornography (protected by 1st amendment)
-Miller standard

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32
Q

Miller Standard

A

protects a range of sexual content

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33
Q

Public relations

A

strategic communication process that builds mutually beneficial relationships between organizations and their publics

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34
Q

Dialogic Theory

A

uses persuasion as a two-way exchange of information without manipulation
- PR works to persuade people of a particular view or favorable image through dialogue

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35
Q

Ivy Lee

A

NY publicist
Wrote press releases
Worked with operators, kept reporters informed
- introduced ways corporations could deal with public
guides PR

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36
Q

Creel committee

A

-issued news releases
-magazine pieces
-posters
-movies
-75,000 speakers spoke about making the world safe for democracy

37
Q

Discipline in PR

A

-brand management
-crisis communications
-risk communications
-community relations
-media relations
-social media
-reputation management

38
Q

PR tactics

A

promotion
image/reputation management
crisis management

39
Q

promotion

A

getting publicity from the media
- media relations
responding to reporter queries
arranging interviewers
organizing news conferences

40
Q

image/reputation management

A

uses communication to create the desired impressions of the org
includes strategies to repair the image tarnished by a crisis

41
Q

crisis management

A

actions organizations employ to deal with major crisis/catastrophes
- issue statements
-crafting company-wide responses to backlash
-spreading awareness about plans to solve the problem

42
Q

advocacy PR

A

decides promotion, PR is also used in advocacy work including
-lobbying
-political communication
-fundraising

43
Q

lobbying

A

persuading govt on which policy direction to take on behalf of their clients

44
Q

political communication

A

advising political candidates for office

45
Q

PRSA

A

-develops PR code of ethics and professional standards
-credentialing PR professional

46
Q

advertising

A

paid for communication meant to inform and persuade people
-purchasing decisions

47
Q

advertising and consumer economics

A

a nations production of goods and services is directly proportional to the amount of ad spending

48
Q

Origins of advertising

A

flyers were the first form
newspaper ads became vital in 1800
50s and 60s ads focused on goods and lifestyle

49
Q

industrial revolution and advertising

A

factory workers became audiences for newspaper ads
created wealth and spending for ads
broadened the range of productss advertised

50
Q

advertising agencies role

A

design and implement advertising campaigns
conduct market research
monitor social and consumer trends that affect sales

51
Q

campaign and placement

A

ad agencies create media plans to ensure ads reach targeted audience
decide the right media to reach potential customers

52
Q

media reach

A

the size of audience exposed to advertising for a particular medium

53
Q

advertising tactics

A

lowest common denominator (LCD)
redundancy techniques
testimonials
addressing ad clutter
buzz advertising

54
Q

lowest common denominator

A

ad campaigns target at largest possible audience

55
Q

redundancy techniques

A

barrages
bunching
trailing
multimedia trailing

56
Q

barrages

A

scheduling ads in intensive bursts (flights/waves)

57
Q

bunching

A

promoting a product in a limited period
eg. school supplies

58
Q

trailing

A

running shorter version of original ad

59
Q

multimedia training

A

deploying less expensive media to reinforce expensive advertisements

60
Q

Celebrity testimonials/endorsements

A

done by celebs
risky if limited evidence to back up celebs claims

61
Q

buzz advertising

A

word of mouth testimonials
-social media, face to face talk

62
Q

audience measurement principals

A

sampling
sampling size
sample section
probability sampling
quota sampling
latter-day straw polls

63
Q

sampling

A

examing a portion of the population being studied
generalizing the findings to the population

64
Q

sample selection

A

process of choosing who to interview
should give every member of the population being sampled a chance to be interviewed

65
Q

sample size

A

part of the population chosen for survey
results of this sample is used to make inferences about a market segment from a sample

66
Q

probability sampling

A

selecting a sample from a population using the principal of randomization or chance

67
Q

quota sampling

A

surveying the portion of specified characteristics of the population
ex. republican, democrat

68
Q

Latter-day straw polls

A

an ad hoc or unofficial vote
used to show popular opinion on certain issues
- internet; not statistically reliable

69
Q

newspaper and magazine audits

A

audit bureu of circulations (ABC)

70
Q

tv engagements

A

engagement ratings can be used to gauge ad effectiveness

71
Q

internet engagement

A

tracks how sites kept viewers by checking how much time was spent on a site

72
Q

interviews

A

meeting and consulting with people face to face

73
Q

diaries

A

people listed channels to watch

74
Q

meters

A

tv sets wired to track what channel was on

75
Q

people meters

A

one unit scanned tv channels watched every 2.7 sec

76
Q

portable meters

A

carried around picked up audible program signals

77
Q

total it up

A

uses people meters to track all tv viewing, including recorded programs

78
Q

Internet audience measures

A

monitoring computers programmed to track internet usage
- methodlogy flaw

79
Q

mobile audience measure

A

personal computers, video games, ipods, iphone measures

80
Q

focus groups

A

individuals are asked to watch a taped local newscast
a moderator leads a discussion by asking questions

81
Q

galvanic skin response

A

pulse and skin reactions

82
Q

movie screenings

A

individuals selected are made to watch a movie and fill out comment cards

83
Q

publication prototypes

A

new magazines are preceded by trial issues
sample marketplace reaction and show potential advertisers

84
Q

TV pilots

A

one or few episodes are tested during primetime to gauge audience reaction

85
Q

demographics

A

study of population based on factors such as age, race, sex, education

86
Q

cohort analysis

A

identifying generations people belong to
ex. gen x, y, z, baby boomers
marketers design products with generational appeal

87
Q

geodemography

A

describing people based on where they live
assumes people who live near each other have similar socio-economic and lifestyle characteristics

88
Q

psychographic

A

classifying people based on their psychographic information
ex. lifestyle, attitudes, opinions, values

Mass Comm (2 decks)

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