Exam 2 Lecture 7 Flashcards
The deBroglie wavelength of matter The deBroglie wavelength of matte
h=6.62607004 × 10-34 m2 kg / s
lower case v is “velocity”
Who is this guy?
What did he discover?
Werner Heisenberg
The dual nature of matter (a particle and a wave) places limitations on the preciseness with which we can know both the location and the momentum (mass x velocity) of an object
IF you can Know location precisely,
then momentum is uncertain
If you can Know momentum precisely,
then location is uncertain
Earth Wavelength
miniscule
baseball wavelength
moderate
electron wavelength
relatively moderate
Who is this guy?
What does he say about electrons?
Erwin Schrodinger
The behavior of the electron is better described b y g focusin g on it’s wavelike p p ro perties
An orbit:
a defined, known pathway
An orbital:
a probability function; “the probability that the probability that an electron will be found in a given location”
An orbital: A description of….
the distribution of electron density in space
Orbitals have a characteristic ……
shape and energy
What do the dots represent?
Each dot represents a position where an electron may be found at any given moment with respect to the nucleus, which is at the center of the axes
Orbitals of a given shape (within a subshell)….
have a specific orientation in space
Orbital quantum numbers
n, l, ml, ms
n lables…
n possible values…
n notes
n name
l name
ml name
ml labels….
ml possible values
ml notes
l labels….
l possible values….
l notes….
ms name
ms labels…
ms possible values…
ms notes…
n describes the….
energy of the orbital of the orbital
n=1,2,3,4 “shells”
l describes the…
3-dimensional shape of the orbital
(subshells)
ml describes the
orientation of an orbital in space
(values are integers from “- l” to “ + l”)
A specific orbital is defined by
specific and unique values for n, l, and ml
Quantum numbers for n=1 orbital
Quantum numbers for n=2 orbitals
sherical
Elipsoid
2p orbital
ml=1
spacial orientation
along the x axis
2p orbital
ml=0
spacial orientation
along the z axis
2p orbital
ml=-1
spacial orientation
along the y axis
n refers to the ____ of the ____
l refers to the ____ of the ____
ml refers to the ____ of the ____
define node
a point at which a harmonic function has the value zero, especially a point of zero electron density in an orbital.
n=3 orbitals quantum numbers
Allowed values for l
integers from 0 to n 1
•Allowed values for ml
integers from -l to +l
How many orbitals are there in n=3?
Pears
2 pears to one torus
shape of s orbital
spherical
shape of p orbital
dumbell (elipsoid)
shape of d orbitals
pear and toris
d orbital spacial orientation
What are those?
n=4 orbital quantum numbers
How many orbitals in n=4?
Shapes of f orbitals
Intense
Subshell names: n=1
Subshell names: n=2
Subshell names: n=3
Subshell names: n=4
Subshell names: n=5
number of orbitals in s
number of orbitals in p
number of orbitals in d
number of orbitals in f
Name Irregular Electron Configurations in periods 4 and 5
Cr, Cu, Mo, Ag
1
Explain what is Cr’s electron configuration?
Why is it different?
migh predict: [Ar]4s23d4
actually: [AR]4s13d5
Cr would rather have a full spin party than a ful s orbital.
Explain what is Cu’s electron configuration?
Why is it different?
migh predict: [Ar]4s23d9
actually: [AR]4s13d10
Cr would rather have a full spin party than a full s orbital.
