Exam 2 Lecture 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Define A “quantum”

A

the smallest quantity or packet of a given form of electromagnetic radiation

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2
Q

Quantum Effects

A

1900: Max Planck

Energy is released/absorbed only in discrete “units”, “packets”, or “quanta”

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3
Q

Planck’s Constant

A

h=6.62607004 × 10-34 m2 kg / s

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4
Q

the photoelectron effect

A

Einstein

refers to the emission, or ejection, of electrons from the surface of, generally, a metal in response to incident light.

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5
Q

Einstein’s photons

A

Electromagnetic radiation behaves as if composed of a stream of particles, or “photons”

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6
Q

energy of 1 photon

A

The energy of one “photon” = the energy of one “quantum”

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7
Q

Light behaving as a wave

A
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8
Q

LIght behaving as a particle

A
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9
Q

Light behaving as both a wave and a particle:

A
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10
Q

Two things are quantized

Explain why

A

matter and energy

There isn’t such a thing as half an H atom

There isn’t such a thing as half a photon

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11
Q

Formula for energy of a photon

A

E=nhv

n=number of photons

h=6.62607004 × 10-34 m2 kg / s

v=frequency in hertz (or 1/s)

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12
Q

Energy of a single photon

A

E=hv

h=6.62607004 × 10-34 m2 kg / s

v=frequency in (1/s)

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13
Q

emission specrtrum

A

a spectrum of the electromagnetic radiation emitted by a source.

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14
Q

absorbtion spectrum

A

a spectrum of electromagnetic radiation transmitted through a substance, showing dark lines or bands due to absorption of specific wavelengths.

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15
Q

line spectrum

A

an emission spectrum consisting of separate isolated lines.

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16
Q

Who is this?

A

Niels Bohr

17
Q

What did Bohr do?

A

He made a model for the hydrogen atom

18
Q

Monochromatic light:

A

light (radiation) of a single wavelength (ex.: laser light)

19
Q

Visible light:

A

composed of light (radiation) of many different wavelengths

20
Q

What gives rise to all of the color that we observe?

A

Electron excitation and relaxation

21
Q

The heat of the flame ___________. When the electron ______back to the _______, energy is released as visible light.

A

excites an electron to a higher energy state

relaxes

“ground state”

22
Q

Calculate energy with wavelength

23
Q

What happens to a line spectra when you shine visible light through a prism?

A

It reveals the colors involved

24
Q

Name Bohr’s postulates

25
Bohr’s postulates 1. Only electron “orbits” of certain energies are allowed (the energy of an e - are allowed (the energy of an e is quantized) 2. An electron in a An electron in a “permitted orbit permitted orbit ” has a specific energy (an allowed energy “state”) 3. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
An electron in an allowed state is stable An electron in an allowed state is stable and will not radiate energy
26
Bohr’s postulates 1. Only electron “orbits” of certain energies are allowed (the energy of an e - are allowed (the energy of an e is quantized) 2. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 3. An electron in an allowed state is stable An electron in an allowed state is stable and will not radiate energy
2 An electron in a An electron in a “permitted orbit permitted orbit ” has a specific energy (an allowed energy “state”)
27
Bohr’s postulates 1. \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ 2. An electron in a An electron in a “permitted orbit permitted orbit ” has a specific energy (an allowed energy “state”) 3. An electron in an allowed state is stable An electron in an allowed state is stable and will not radiate energy
Only electron “orbits” of certain energies are allowed (the energy of an e - are allowed (the energy of an e is quantized)
28
n=1 is what state
29
n\>1 is what state?
30
n=1 is what state