Exam #2 Lab Values and imbalances table Flashcards
Hyponatremia
Weakness Headache, Dizziness Nausea Abdominal cramps Confusion, apathy progressing to lethargy Irritability Weak pulse Decreased blood pressure
Hypernatremia
Intense thirst Nausea and Vomiting Dry, sticky mucous membranes Flushed skin Oliguria Hyperirritability Disorientation, Seizures Nuchal rigidity
Hypokalemia
Muscle weakness
Muscle cramping/stiffness
Hyporeflexia/paralysis
Hypotension
Cardiac arrhythmias, gallop rhythm
Tachycardia or bradycardia
Ileus/Abdominal distension
Irritability and fatigue
Apathy
Hyperkalemia
Muscle weakness
Flaccid paralysis
Hyperreflexia
Bradycardia
Ventricular fibrillation and cardiac arrest
Twitching
Oliguria
Apnea – resp. arrest
Sodium
135 – 145 mEq/L
Potassium
3.5 – 5.0 mEq/L
Magnesium
1.5 – 2.2 mEq/L
Calcium
9.0 – 11.0 mg/dL
pH
7.35 – 7.45
pCO2 mm Hg
35 - 45
pO2 mm Hg
70 – 100 (50 – 80 in neonates)
HCO3 mEq/L
22 - 26 mEq/ml
Base Excess mEq/L
+3 to –3
Hypocalcemia
Tingling of fingertips, nose, ears Tetany Convulsions Laryngospasm Hypotension Cardiac arrenst
Hypercalcemia
Weakness, fatigue Nausea and vomiting anorexia Constipation Dry mouth/thirst Muscle hypotonicity Bradycardia
Vitamin D toxicity
Weakness, fatigue, lassitude
Nausea and vomiting
Diarrhea
Headache