Exam 2 Jeopardy Game Flashcards
What are the causes of inflammation?
Infection, ischemia, infraction, foreign bodies, allergic reactions, direct physical damage, extreme heat/cold, or chemicals
What is the rice therapy for inflammation injuries?
R - Relax
I - Ice
C - Compression
E - Elevation
What are the adverse effects of the anti-inflammatory medication class glucocorticoids?
Increased risk of infection, delayed healing, and retention of sodium and water
Describes the steps of inflammation?
Release of chemicals -Bradykinin stimulates pain, then histamine, then both bradykinin and histamine dilate blood vessels, then hyperemia occurs, then increase in capillary permeability, then chemotaxis/migration of immune cells
Definition of hyperemia: is an increased amount of blood in the vessels of an organ or tissue in the body
Compare local vs systemic manifestations of inflammation
Local: Redness, warmth, edema, pain, loss of function
Systemic: Pyrexia, malaise, fatigue, headache, anorexia
What is the definition of an infection acquired in a hospital or medical facility?
Nosocomial infection
What is the most resistant kind of bacteria and therefore the most difficult to destroy?
Endospores
Used in all universal settings, with all clients, when potential exposure to body fluids. Assumes that all body fluids are sources of infection.
Standard precautions
What is a latent viral infection?
A recurring viral infection that remains dormant/hidden (examples: herpes, shingles)
How do antiviral drugs work?
Reduce rate of viral replication
Nonspecific mechanical barriers such as unbroken skin, tears, gastric juices are examples of which line of defense?
First line of defense
Which type of hypersensitivity reaction includes allergic reactions such as anaphylaxis?
Type I Hypersensitivity
What immune system disorder is characterized by a butterfly rash on the face, and chronic inflammation to multiple organs systems?
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE, Lupus)
How would you describe immunodeficiency?
A partial or total loss of one or more immune systems components that increases the risk of infection and cancer. May be primary or secondary. Increased risk for opportunistic infections, and can be difficult to treat.
Can you describe an example of each of the 4 types of immunities (Active natural, active artificial, passive natural and passive artificial)
Active artificial: infection
Active natural: vaccination
Passive natural: maternal antibodies (breastfeeding)
Passive artificial: monoclonal antibodies
What is the most common cancer in women?
Breast cancer
What are the risk factors for cancer?
Chemicals
Radiation
Viruses
Biological factors
Genetic factors
What does TMN stand for and how does it relate to staging of cancer?
T: size of primary tumor
M: Metastasis
N: Involvement of regional lymph nodes
What are the adverse effects for chemotherapy?
Bone marrow depression (Nadir = low point of cell count), Nausea, epithelial cell damage (hair, skin, mucous membranes), organ damage (kidney, heart, lung)
What are the adverse effects for radiation?
Bone marrow suppression (a decrease of leukocytes, erythrocytes, and platelets causing infection, bleeding, and fatigue, epithelial cell damage, infertility, fatigue/lethargy
What is the medical term for “Hives” which result from a type I hypersensitivity reaction?
Uticaria
Uti= burning sensation and start to itch, Hive=burning sensation
What is the term for “itchy skin” often associated with allergic responses, chemical irritations, or infestations by parasites?
Pruritus
How would describe a lesion of psoriasis?
Chronic inflammatory skin disorder, slovenly plaque, lesions found on face, scalp, elbows, knees, itching or burning sensations
Which type of skin infection found in children and infants commonly appear on face with pruritus and scratching that can lead to infection?
Impetigo
Describe the ABCDE’s of melanoma
A: Asymmetrical
B: Border
C: Color
D: Diameter
E:Evolution
What stage of general adaptation syndrome (GAS) includes a mobilization of defenses such as the sympathetic nervous system?
Alarm stage: Mobilization of Defenses
What stage of General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) includes resolution or death?
Final stage
What are the acute responses to stress?
Elevated: blood pressure, heart rate, blood glucose, CNS response, respiratory rate.
Decreased: Inflammatory and immune response
What are the effects of severe or prolonged stress on the body?
Increased wear and tear on tissues, exhaustion of resources, worsening chronic conditions
What are the long term effects of prolonged or severe stress?
Renal failure (ischemia, vasoconstriction), stress ulcers (vasoconstriction, decrease in tissue regeneration), infection (depression of inflammatory and immune responses), slowed healing (vasoconstriction, ischemia, increased glucocorticoids, PTSD (mental health, high risk addiction)
