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Organic Chemistry > Exam 2 (Information) > Flashcards

Exam 2 (Information) Flashcards

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1
Q

Double bonds separated by one single bond

A

Conjugated

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2
Q

p orbitals on 3 or more C,N, or O atoms in a row in the same plane

A

Conjugated

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3
Q

A compound containing two adjacent (next to) pi nonds

A

Cumulated

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4
Q

Double bonds are

A

Nucleophilic and attack the electrophil

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5
Q

The product that forms the fastest forms the most

A

Kinetic Control

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6
Q

Equilibrium is asserted and the most stable product predominates over time

A

Thermodynamic Control

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7
Q

A reaction for which the product distribution is determined by the relative rates at which the products are formed

A

Kinetic Control

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8
Q

A reaction for which the ratio of products is determined solely b the distribution of energy among the products

A

Thermodynamic Control

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9
Q

At low temperatures, only few molecules have energy greater than Ea (1,4) so most

A

1,2 products form

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10
Q

At high temperatures, first 1,2 product is formed, THEN

A

1,2 product reforms the intermediate and an equilibrium forms and some starts forming 1,4 product and is stuck there. As time passes, more 1,4 product forms and will predominate.

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11
Q

Mechanism-less Reaction

A

Pericyclic Reactions

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12
Q

Most common pericyclic reaction

A

Cycloaddition (Diels-Alder)

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13
Q

Pericyclic Reactions (3)

A

Cycloaddition (Diels-Alder), Electrocyclization, and Sigmatropic Rearrangement

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14
Q

A bond theory that treats a bond as the sharing of electrons that are associated individual atoms, rather than bing associated with the entire molecule

A

Valence Bond Theory (partial charges)

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15
Q

A description of bonding in terms of molecular orbitals, which are orbitals associated with an entire molecule rather than an individual atom

A

Molecular Orbital Theory (orbitals in and out of phase)

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16
Q

Orbitals in phase

A

Bond

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17
Q

Orbitals out of phase

A

Antibond or Repulsion

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18
Q

The analysis of a reaction using Molecular Orbit Theory, where only the frontier orbitals (HOMO and LUMO) are considered

A

Frontier Orbital Theory

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19
Q

The highest occupied molecular orbital

A

HOMO

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20
Q

The lowest unoccupied molecular orbital

A

LUMO

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21
Q

The highest occupied molecular orbital and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital that participate in a reaction

A

Frontier orbitals

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22
Q

Dienes and dienophiles form no reaction when

A

only heat is present

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23
Q

[4+2] Cycloaddition

A

Diels Alder

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24
Q

hv changes

A

HOMO and LUMO

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25
Q

A compound that possesses chirality centers and an internal plane of symmetry

A

meso compound

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26
Q

A cis dienophile added to a cis diene

A

makes a meso compound

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27
Q

A cis diene added to a trans dienophile

A

makes enatiomers (2 products)

28
Q

Other functional groups that can be dienophiles

A

C trpl C, C trpl N

29
Q

In Diels Alder reactions that produce bicyclic structures, the positions that are anti to the larger bridge

A

exo

30
Q

In Diels Alder reactions that produce bicyclic structures, the positions that are syn to the larger bridge

A

endo

31
Q

Trans to each other, lower energy, thermodynamic product at hight temp, higher Ea, no pi stacking

A

Exo

32
Q

Two groups pointing toward each other, Kinetic product (forms faster), cold, Lower Ea due to pi stacking

A

Endo

33
Q

Lower energy put off

A

more stable

34
Q

Aromatic if:

A
  1. Cyclic
  2. Every atom in ring must be part of the same conjugated system
  3. Huckels rule: 4n+2=pi e- (n must be whole number)
35
Q

Obeys rules one and two of aromaticity rules but not three

A

Antiaromatic

36
Q

For antiaromatic to be stable

A

it resists conjugation and is flat

37
Q

Aromatic structures that contain N, O, S, NH, or a lone pair

A

Heteroaromatic Compounds

38
Q

Compounds containing multiple aromatic rings fused together

A

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)

39
Q

1,2 substituents

A

Ortho-

40
Q

1,3 substituents

A

Meta-

41
Q

1,4 substituents

A

Para-

42
Q

A substitution reaction in which an aromatic proton is replaced by an electrophile and the aromatic moiety is preserved

A

Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution (EAS)

43
Q

A compound capable of functioning as an electron pair acceptor

A

Lewis Acid

44
Q

The positively charged intermediate of an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction

A

Sigma Complex

45
Q

An electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction in which an SO3H group is installed on an aromatic ring

A

Sulfonation

46
Q

An electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction that involves the installation of a nitro group (NO2) on an aromatic ring

A

Nitration

47
Q

An electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction that installs an acyl group on an aromatic ring

A

Friedel-Crafts Acylation

48
Q

The term describing a carbonyl group (C=O) connected to an alkyl group (no pi bonds; only C and H) or an aryl group (aromatic ring)

A

Acyl Group

49
Q

An electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction that installs an alkyl group on an aromatic ring

A

Friedel-Crafts Alkylation

50
Q

A substituent lacking pi bonds and comprised of only carbon and hydrogen atoms

A

Alkyl

51
Q

Transition metals + Acid =

A

Good Reducing Agents

Ex) Br2/FeBr3 - - Only adds O and P

52
Q

Electron Poor, Electron Withdrawing Group

A

Deactivated

Ex) N(+)O2

53
Q

Electron Rich, Electron Donating Group

A

Activating

Ex) N(lone pair)H2

54
Q

Usually deactivating

Meta Directing

A

Electron Withdrawing Groups (EWGs)

55
Q

Usually activating

Ortho and Para Directing

A

Electron Donating Groups (EDGs)

56
Q

If atom attached to ring is + charged

A

Strongly Deactivating

57
Q

If atom attached to ring has a partial + charge due to resonance

A

Moderately Deactivating

58
Q

If atom attached to benzene has a lone pair

A

Strongly activating

59
Q

Alkyl groups

A

Weakly activating

60
Q

Deactivating groups can only add

A

one at a time

61
Q

Strong electron withdrawing group (resonance stabilized )

A

SNAr

62
Q

Elimination/Addition (Dow Process)

A

Benzyne (No strong EWGs)

63
Q

Nu- (either NH2 or OH or OR)

NO2 and CL

A

SNAr

64
Q

Cl

Can do Diels Alder

A

Benzyne

65
Q

The withdrawal of electron density that occurs when a bond is shared by two atoms of differing electronegativity

A

Induction

66
Q

Increase up and to the right on the periodic table

A

Electronegativity

Organic Chemistry (8 decks)

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