Exam 2 Info

Question 1

Ph

Answer 1

Acid 7.35 - 7.45 alkal

Question 2

pC02
Resp (0-12hrs)

Answer 2

Alkalosis 35 - 45 Acid

Question 3

HC03 (bicarb)
Kidney (12-48hrs)

Answer 3

Acid 22 - 26 Alkalosis

Question 4

Metabolic Alkalosis examples

Answer 4

N/V
Pancreatitis
Dehydration
NG LWS
HYPOkalemia
HYPOnatremia
Tons of antacids

Question 5

Metabolic Acidosis examples

Answer 5

DKA
Renal/liver failure
HYPERkalemia
HYPERnatremia

Question 6

Resp Alkalosis examples

Answer 6

Hyperventilating
Fast HR, anxious, diaphoritic, numbness/tinglinging (parasthesia)

Question 7

Resp Acidosis examples

Answer 7

Air Hungry
Post PACU (post anesthesia pt)
Asthma
COPD
Current overdose
Current resp arrest

Question 8

Dehydration

Answer 8

DRY=labs high
poor skin turger/tenting (chest wall)
HIGH hr HIGH rr LOW bp
WEAK PULSE
who? n/v/d & excessive diuretics

Question 9

Fluid Overload (Fluid Excess)

Answer 9

BOUNDING PULSE
HIGH hr, HIGH bp, HIGH rr (short&shallow)
Crackles - sacrum - legs - POSITIVE JVD (last sign) SUPINE 45
Who? CHF, pulm edema, kidney failure

Question 10

HypoNAtremia

Answer 10

135-145
Metabolic alkalosis
#2 diagnosis
confusion, lethargy, SEIZURES
who? n/v/d, diuretics, ICP, large gapin wound, NG-LWS
Treat? Hourly monitoring, NS Fluids

Question 11

HyperNAtremia

Answer 11

135-145
Metabolic acidosis
FRIED “SALT”
Skin Flushed
Agigation
Low grade fever
Thirst
treat? diuretics

Question 12

Hypomagnesmia

Answer 12

Intracellular
1.5-2.5
“everything firing”
muscles excited, tremors, seizure, nystagmus, tetany
who? malnurished, alcoholic, diuretic use
treat? IV MAG, asscess DTR every HOUR

Question 13

Hypermagnesmiaa

Answer 13

1.5-2.5
“everything chill”
SEVERLY LOW BP, HR, reduced/absent DTR
treat? HEART MONITOR, 02 adjunct, continous v/s

Question 14

Hypocalcemia

Answer 14

9-10.5
CATS
Convulsions
Arrythmias
Tetany
Stridor/spasms
+chevoskes,/trousseaus, calf pain
who? lactose intolerant, decreased vitamin D, ESDR, decreased oral intake, malabsorption
treat? reduce stimulation, seizure precaution, VIT D SUPPLEMENT, AMP CAL GLUCONATE

Question 15

Hypercalcemia

Answer 15

9-10.5
muscle weakness, decreased DTR, polyuria, anorexia
who? thaiazide diuretics
treat? CALCITONIN, HEART MONTIOR, HD=SEVERE
doesnt work? malignancy risk? hyperparathyriodism

Question 16

HypoKalemia

Answer 16

3.5-5.0
“A SIC WALT”
ALKALOSIS (metabolic)
Shallow resp
Irritability
Confusion
Weakness
Arrythmias (HTN)
Lethargy
THREADY PULSE
risk? ileus pt, BOWEL OBSTRUCTION
who? diuretics, steriods, cushing, VOMITTING, kidney disease, PROLONGED NG SX
treat? HEART MONITOR, K replacement IV (10-20mEq Qhr)
Foods? raisin, squash, potato, fruit
AVOID DIGOXIN/DIRETICS

Question 17

HyperKalemia

Answer 17

3.5-5.0
MUSCLE TWITCHING, SEVERE DIARRHEA, aarythemias (hypotension), abd cramping
who? K Sparing diuretics, DM, tissue damage, overindigestion meds/foods
METABOLIC ACIDOSIS