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greek > Exam 2 Ilardi > Flashcards

Exam 2 Ilardi Flashcards

1
Q

Specific Phobia: Biological Model

A 
preparedness hypothesis (Mineka's studies) also, genetic vulnerability (h= ~.30)
Neuroticism: more likely to acquire specific phobias
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2
Q

Specific Phobia: Psychodynamic Model

A

phobic object is a SUMBOL of inner conflict

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3
Q

Specific Phobia: Behavioral Model

A

classical conditioning, environment shapes us, start at a blank state and env. conditions us to fear specific things

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4
Q

Specific Phobia: Cognitive model

A

observational learning: ○ Cognitively: what you think about things is what determines what you fear
○ Observational: what you observe from others can determine what you fear
○ People who we think of role models: child sees parent fearing something, they will fear it too.
· Treatments

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5
Q

Treatments for specific phobias

A

Exposure based therapy (90% cure rate): aka habituation

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6
Q

Ost

A

cures phobia in 3 hours because of exposure based hierarchy:

changes behavior, changes belief

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7
Q

d-cyclorserine

A

promotes formation of new drugs, experiences hierarchy faster. TB antibiotic

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8
Q

Panic attack

A

body’s adaptive alarm response (false alarm)

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9
Q

how many people have a false alarm panic attack

A

1/3 people

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10
Q

DSM symptoms of a panic attack

A

accelerated heart rate, sweating, shaking, short breath, choking, chest pain, nausea, dizzy, depersonalization or derealization, fear of losing control, fear of dying, Paraethesias: numbness or tingling sensations, chills.hot flashes

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11
Q

Panic disorder

A

recurrent, unexpected panic attacks lasting on month or longer. constant living in terror

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12
Q

prevalence of panic disorder

A

5% of population

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13
Q

Gender ratio of panic disorder

A

F:M 2:1

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14
Q

Co-morbid diagnoses

A

Depression and Alcohol abuse/dependence

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15
Q

Medical Model cause of panic disorder

A

.48 genetic contribution
RCC- respiratory control center (suffocation reflex)
Sodium Lactate infusion challenge

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16
Q

RCC

A

looks for oxygen in the blood, suffocation leads to more acidity of blood, RCC is an alarm

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17
Q

Sodium Lactate infusion challenge

A

give people sodium lactate(supposed to supress symptoms of panic/anxiety), less likely to have a panic attack

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18
Q

Barlow’s theory

A

said cognition matters-if people know they will be safe they wont have an attack

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19
Q

Cognitive behavioral Model cause of panic disorder

A 
revision of SLC (barlow)
faulty learning, maladaptive thoughts
patients misinterpret body sensations (interoceptive cues/fusiform gyrus)
catastrophic thoughts lead to panic
interoceptive cues(body sensations)
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20
Q

Fusiform gyrus

A

circuits in the brain that help you recognize faces

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21
Q

Treatments for Panic Disorder- drug treatments

A

SSRI, SNRI, Imaprime, Benzodiazephines

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22
Q

SSRI

A

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor

Prozac, paxil, soloft, celexa, lexapro

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23
Q

SNRI

A

selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor
Effexor, pristique, cymbalta
circuits that effect how we socialize

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24
Q

Imipramine

A

tricyclic antidepressant, lethaal

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25
Q

Benzo

A

xanax, ativan, klonopin
tranqs, addictive. slows down firing of neurotransmittesr
80% successrate with panic disorders

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26
Q

deaths overdose/year

A

50,000

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27
Q

benzo % of overdoses

A

30%
mix of benzos and alcohol/prescription drugs
double risk of motor vehicle accident

28
Q

presriptions of benzos per year

A

90 million (xanax #1)

29
Q

side effects of benzos

A

sedation, impaired memory andmotor coordination, loss of restorative sleep (SLOW WAVE), depression, numbing, increased dementia, painful withdrawl

30
Q

the plural to antidote

A

is not data

31
Q

Psychological treatments of panic dosirder

A

CBT, exposure/habituation, modifying thoughts

32
Q

best long term efficacy for psyc treatments for panic disorder

A

CBT 50% recovery after 2 yrs

33
Q

Xanax

A

alprazolam

34
Q

ativan

A

lorazepam

35
Q

klonopin

A

clonazepam

36
Q

valium

A

diazepam

37
Q

Agoraphobia

A

fear of the markey- fear and avoid places that trigger panic

38
Q

homebound

A

severe cases of agoraphobia

39
Q

panic with agoraphoba=

A

harder to treat

40
Q

effective treatment for agoraphobia

A

graded exposure hierarchy

41
Q

Social Anxiety Disorder

A

phobic stimulus= people (strangers)

fear of embarrassment or humiliation

42
Q

Prevalence of SAD/social phobia

A

12% 1/8 people

43
Q

two types of SAD

A

performance linked, generalized

44
Q

Performance linked SAD-

A

performance like sports or public speaking

45
Q

treatment for performance linked

A

graded exposure or beta blockers(BB lower high blood pressure)

46
Q

Generalized anxiery/Pervasive social anxiety

A

serotonin signaling (social drive, error detection) Rumination

47
Q

treatment for Pervasie social anxiety

A

CBT, nardil MAO blocker, SSRIs

48
Q

GAD: Generalized Anxiety Disorder

A

high anxiety and excessive worry for more than 6 months

49
Q

Symptoms of GAD besides anxiety and worry

A

restlessness, fatigue, insomnia, irritability, concentration difficulties, muscle tension

50
Q

What % does GAD partiens have another DSM diagnosis

A

90% …. (50% with depression)

51
Q

Lifetime prevalence of GAD

A

6%

52
Q

Treatments for GAD

A

SSRI,. SNRI, Benzo, CBT, exercise, mindfulness meditation, probiotics

53
Q

focus of CBT for GAD treatment

A

uncertainity intolderance, imaginal exposure

54
Q

Mindfulness meditation

A

accepting everything in the moment and focusing on breathing

55
Q

Probiotics

A

makes microbes healthy in microbiome and decreases anxiety!

56
Q

magnesium

A

plays critical role in activity in circuits that regulte signaling anxiety.

57
Q

OCD: Obsessive compulsive disorder

A

diagnosed by having either obsession or complusion, or both

58
Q

obsession

A

recurrent intrusive thought, impulse (URGE), or image that causes anxiety and cannot be dismissed or put out of one’s mind

59
Q

common themes of obsession

A

aggression, contamination, religious/blasphemy, pathological doubt/loss, sexuality, symmetry

60
Q

compulsion

A

repetitive action (ritual) person feels compelled to do (usually linked to obsessions.

61
Q

lifetime prevalence % of OCD

A

2%

62
Q

error detection is where?

A

anterior cingulate cortex

63
Q

strep infection link to OCD

A

PANDAS

64
Q

treatment for OCD

A

EXPOSURE AND RITUAL PREVENTION

anafranil, SSRI

65
Q

success rate for exposure and ritual prevention for OCD

A

85%

66
Q

how long do people with OCD go untreated before getting help

A

10 years

67
Q

what percent of people have one or more intrusive, disturbing thought per year

A

80%

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