EXAM #2 GRAMMAR Flashcards
Subordinate CUM CLAUSE
Describes an action connected in one way or another with the main clause
Temporal CUM CLAUSE
CUM is translated “when” or “while;” TUM is occasionally found in the main clause
Circumstantial CUM CLAUSE
Describes the general circumstances when the main action occured
Causal CUM CLAUSE
Explains the cause of the main action
Adversative/Concessive CUM CLAUSE
Describes a circumstance that might have obstructed the main action
FERO Present Indicative, Active and Passive:
Fero, fers, fert, ferimus, fertis, ferunt
Feror, ferris, fertur, ferimur, ferimini, feruntur
FERO Present Active Imperative:
Fer, ferte
FERO Infinitives
ACTIVE: Ferre, tulisse, laturus esse,
PASSIVE: Ferri, latus esse, latum iri
VOLO Present Indicative:
Volo, vis, vult, volumus, vultis, volunt
VOLO Subjunctive, Present and Imperfect:
Present: Velim, velis, velit, velimis, velitis, velint
Imperfect: Vellem, velles, vellet, vellemus, velletis, vellent
VOLO Infinitives
Velle, voluisse
Perfect Active Subjunctive: Laudo, Laurdare
Laudaverim, laudaveris, laudaverit, laudaverimus, laudaveritis, laudaverint
Pluperfect Active Subjunctive: Laudo, Laudare
Laudavissem, laudavisses, laudavisset, laudavissemus, laudavissetis, laudavissent
Perfect Passive Subjunctive: Laudo, Laudare
Laudatus/a/um, laudatus sis, laudatis sit, laudati/ae/a simus, laudatis sitis, laudati sint
Pluperfect Passive Subjunctive: Laudo, Laudare
Laudatus/a/um essem, laudatus esses. laudatus esset, laudati/ae/a essemus, laudati essetis, laudati essent
Indirect Question
A subordinate clause which reports a question indirectly (they asked what Gaius was doing). Include an interrogative word followed by a head verb.
Sequence of tenses: Primary
Present or future. Present=contemporaneous or after, perfect=action before
Sequence of tenses: Historical
Past tenses. Imperfect= contemporaneous or after, pluperfect=action before
Result clause
A subordinate clause that shows the result of the action in the main clause, asking “what was the outcome?” Begin with an ut and contain a subjunctive verb as well as an adverb like ita/tam/sic or adjective tantus
Purpose clause
A subordinate clause that indicates the objective of the action in the main clause. Look for a subjunctive clause introduced by ut or ne. “We study Latin to improve our English.”
