Exam 2 - GI, Screening Chest Breast And Ribs, Lumbar Flashcards
Gi screen indicated if? Upper v Lower?
History of serious GI disorder
UPPER: Abdominal (epigastric), shoulder girdle, thorax pain
LOWER: abdominal (umbilical or hypogastric), pelvic, lumbar pain
Upper GI tract structures
- Mouth
- Esophagus
- Liver
- Stomach
- Pyloric sphincter
- Duodenum
Lower GI tract structures
- Pancreas
- Jejunum (small intestine)
- Ileum (small intestine)
- Cecum (large intestine)
- Appendix
- Ascending colon (large intestine)
- Descending colon (large intestine)
- Anus
Functions of small intestine
Accomplishes digestion and absorption of nutrients
Functions of large intestine
Absorbs water and electrolytes
Storage of waste until elimination
Similarities between S&S of GI dz and constitutional dz
Nausea
Vomiting
Diarrhea
S&S specific to GI dz (9)
Hematochezia - “fresh” blood in stool
Anorexia
Constipation
Abdominal pain
Dysphagia - diff. Swallowing
Achalasia - failure to relax smooth muscles of GI tract (neuro)/ loss of peristalsis in lower 2/3 of esophagus
Melena - black, tarry stools
Incontinence
Hematemesis - vomiting of blood
Heart burn
S&S specific to constitutional dz (7)
Malaise - overall feeling of discomfort
Fatigue - extreme tiredness
Fever
Night sweats
Diaphoresis
Dizziness
Pallor
GI organs - RUQ
Liver
Diaphragm
Lung
Gallbladder
GI organs - LUQ
Spleen
Stomach
Lower intestine
Lung/diaphragm
GI organs - RLQ
Lower intestine
Appendix
GI organs - LLQ
Lower bowel
Descending colon
Abdominal aorta
Upper bowel dysfunction
Dysphasia
Nausea
Vomiting
Heartburn/indigestion
Specific food intolerance
Lower bowel dysfunction
Constipation
Diarrhea
Caliber
Difficulty initiating BM
Color
Incontinence
GI system screen questions
Changes in B&B
Activity, coughing, sneezing, deep breath make it worse?
*certain foods make it worse?
*weight change since onset of symptoms?
**pt reporting “no” to these questions makes it VERY likely that they do NOT have a GI issue
SINSS
Severity
Irritability
Nature
Stage
Stability
3 major regions of visceral pain - Epigastric region (define region and name organs that might refer pain here)
Midsternum to xiphoid process
Heart
Esophagus
Stomach
Duodenum
Gall bladder
Liver
Other organs corresponding to T3-T5 sympathetic nerve distribution
3 major regions of visceral pain - periumbilical region (define region and name organs that might refer pain here)
Above umbilicus
Small intestine
Pancreas
Appendix
T9-T11
3 major regions of visceral pain - hypogastrium region (define region and name organs that might refer pain here)
Below umbilicus, corresponds to sacrum
Large intestine
Bladder
Uterus
T10-L2
Visceral pain descriptive words
Boring pain
Deep pain
Gnawing
Vague burning
Deep grind-like
Hiatal hernia S&S
Superior portion of the stomach rises above the diaphragm
Indigestion and pain with breathing
Why is an inguinal hernia dangerous?
Protrusion of intestines through inguinal canal
Dangerous if it gets clamped off and breaks open
IBD: 2 examples and what MMTs reveal pain where?
Crohn’s disease - normal areas and skip areas, can affect any area of intestines
Ulcerative colitis - no skips, chronic diarrhea and rectal bleeding
Iliopsoas and obturator internus MMTs reproduce pain in RLQ
