Endocrine

Question 1

5 main functions

Answer 1

Regulate metabolism
Maintain salt, water, and nutrient balance in blood
Control responses to stress
Regulate growth, development, reproduction
Produce hormones

Question 2

Main differences between endocrine/hormones and NS/neurotransmitters

Answer 2

Hormones travel long distances and affect every system
Have slower, longer lasting effects
Dysfunction in endocrine system can lead to NS dysfunction

NS
Short distances, rapid, short lived effects
Specific tissues (muscle and glandular)

Question 3

Spinothalamic tract goes through which gland

Answer 3

Pituitary - pituitary gland is the target for many different hormones

CNS provides feedback

Question 4

Anterior or posterior pituitary responsible for the release of most hormones?

Answer 4

Anterior

Question 5

Calcium hormones (2)

Answer 5

Calcitonin - responsible for deposit of calcium in bones
Parathyroid hormone (?) - increases calcium in blood, important for muscle contractions

Question 6

Pancreas - different cells, different hormones

Answer 6

A cells - glucagon: glucose synthesis and glycogen breakdown in liver, increases blood glucose concentration
B cells - insulin: stimulation of lipids and glycogen storage and formation, decreases blood glucose concentration
D cells - somatostatin: inhibits secretion of insulin and glucagon

Question 7

Muscle weakness, myalgia, and fatigue can be early S&S of: (6)

Answer 7

TC DOPA

Thyroid, Cushing’s Syndrome

Diabetes mellitus
Osteomalacia
Parathyroid
Acromegaly

Question 8

Whenever something is bilateral, it is a ??

Answer 8

RED FLAG

Question 9

Bilateral carpal tunnel syndrome could be indicative of?

Answer 9

RA
Cancer
Acromegaly - body producing too much growth hormone
Myxedema - severely advanced hypothyroidism

Question 10

Primary v Secondary dysfunction of endocrine

Answer 10

Primary - dysfunction of the gland itself

Secondary - chemo, surgery, excessive therapy for endocrine disorder

Question 11

Addison’s disease

Answer 11

Adrenal insufficiency
- weakness, fatigue, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, hyperpigmentation, low androgen, low libido, hypoglycemia possible, salt craving

“Add” cortisol

Question 12

Cushing’s disease

Answer 12

Excess cortisol/glucocorticoids

Weakness, fatigue, moon face/fat accumulation, buffalo hump, hypertension, hyperglycemia, osteoporosis

Question 13

Posterior pituitary hormones? Ayyy Ohhh

Answer 13

ADH
Oxytocin