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Bio lab 2 > exam 2 genetics > Flashcards

exam 2 genetics Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Gene

A

DNA sequence producing a particular product (protein) or influencing activity of another gene

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2
Q

Alleles

A

Alternate versions of a gene

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3
Q

Chromosome

A

One molecule of DNA

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4
Q

Genome

A

Full DNA code

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5
Q

Locus

A

Location of a gene in the genome

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6
Q

Ploidy

A

Number of copies of each gene or chromosome

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7
Q

Diploid

A

two copies (2n)

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8
Q

Haploid

A 
one copy (n) 
Bacteria
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9
Q

Homologous chromosomes

A

“Matching” chromosomes in 2n or greater cells

Chare genes but may differ in alleles

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10
Q

Sister chromatids

A

Identical copies of one chromosome

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11
Q

Centromere

A

Where sister chromatids are joined together

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12
Q

Mitosis

A

Eukaryotic
Cell duplication
Identical genome
No change in ploidy (2n to 2n)

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13
Q

Meiosis

A

Eukaryotic
Genomes differ
Halved ploidy (2n to n)

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14
Q

Binary Fission

A

Prokaryotes
Cell duplication
No change in ploidy (n to n)

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15
Q

Mitosis in diploids

A

Chromosomes duplicate to form sister chromatids
Homologous chromosomes line up independently
Chromatids separate for cell division
Each daughter cell is diploid with ~identical genome

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16
Q

Binary Fission in prokaryotes

A

Haploid genome
Circular chromosome replicates
Cell division occurs to produce two cells
Each daughter cell is haploid with ~identical genome

17
Q

meiosis

A

homologous chromosomes pair up and separate in first division.
cells divide again.
four haploid cells result.

18
Q

independent assortment

A

for genes on different chromosomes, alleles sort into gametes at random.

19
Q

linked genes

A

for genes on the same chromosome, alleles do not sort at random.

20
Q

recombination via crossover

A

during meiosis homologous chromosomes may swap fragments.

crossing over breaks linkage allowing different allele combinations on a chromosome.

21
Q

recombination frequency

A

increased distance between linked genes increases chance of crossover

Bio lab 2 (3 decks)

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