Exam 2- Gastrointestinal Disorders Flashcards
The GI system consists of what?
- Smooth muscle
- Blood vessels
- Nerve tissue
Propels food through the tract
Peristalsis
The GI tract is a hollow tube that is how long?
25 inches
Accessory organs (5)
- Liver
- Gallbladder
- Pancreas
- Bile ducts
- Vasculature
What does the liver do?
Metabolism of carbohydrates and proteins
Detoxifies blood
Autonomic Nervous System actions
Parasympathetic
Increases activity
Vagus nerve
Which NS includes the vagus nerve?
Autonomic (Parasympathetic)
Sympathetic Nervous System action
Slows activity
Functions of the GI tract (3)
- Breakdown of food for digestion
- Absorption of nutrients
- Elimination of undigested food or other waste products
What is needed for a GI assessment?
Thorough history
- Current state of health (nausea, vomiting, constipation, indigestion, swallowing, pain, etc.)
- Previous health (past GI illness, ulcers, gallbladder disease, IBS, GERD, GI bleed, abdominal trauma)
- Medications
For a GI assessment, what meds do we need to assess for?
Food and drug allergies
NSAIDs
ASA
Antihypertensives
Laxatives
Dyspepsia
Discomfort associated with eating
During a physical GI assessment, what do we need to examine?
Mouth
Abdomen
Liver
Rectum
Anus
Skin
What lab studies do we need to evaluate for GI?
- CBC
- CMP
- PT/PTT
- Triglycerides
- Liver Function Panel
- Amylase, Lipase
Cancer specific studies (CEA, CA) - Stool tests
Stool tests
Cultures: leukocytes, parasites, C-Diff,
Occult blood testing, Immunologic studies
What patients do we use triglyceride lab evaluation for?
Patients who have a fatty liver
What patients do we use PT/PTT lab evaluation for?
For patients that we are concerned about bleeding as a potential concern
What patients do we use liver function panel lab evaluation for?
For patients with alcohol overuse or hepatitis
What do we avoid 72 hours prior to stool tests?
Red meat
Aspirin
NSAIDs
Horse radish
Why do we avoid red meat, aspirin, NSAIDs, horse radish prior to stool tests?
These could provide a false positive
GI diagnostic evaluation
- Abdominal Ultrasound
- Upper GI Tract study
- Lower GI Tract study
- CT, MRI, PET scans
- Endoscopic Evaluation
Which diagnostic evaluation is low coat and immediate results?
Abdominal ultrasound
Pre-op abdominal ultrasound guidelines
Fast 8-12 hours pre-procedure
Gallbladder studies: fat-free meal night before
In which diagnostics is a contrast used?
Upper GI
Lower GI