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GEOS 101 > Exam 2 Flash Cards > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flash Cards

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1
Q

Continental crust on both sides, divergent motion, breaks continents apart, makes deep rift valleys and narrow new oceans

A

Rifting zone

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2
Q

Oceanic crust on both sides, divergent motion, makes oceans wider and releases heat at a mid-ocean ridge (MOR)

A

Spreading zone

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3
Q

Oceanic crust on both sides, convergent motion, recycles ocean crust, makes a deep-sea trench and an island arc

A

Oceanic subduction zone

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4
Q

Oceanic crust on one side, continental on the other, convergent motion, recycles old ocean crust, makes a deep-sea trench and volcanic mountains

A

Continental subduction zone

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5
Q

Continental crust on both sides, convergent motion, joins small continents into larger ones, makes huge non-volcanic mountains

A

Collision zone

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6
Q

Any kind of crust, transform motion, connects other types of plate boundaries, makes a strike-slip fault with lots of earthquakes

A

Transform zone

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7
Q

Most powerful physical weathering process, requires lots of freeze-thaw cycles = wet climate that is sometimes hot and sometimes cold

A

Frost-wedging

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8
Q

Most powerful chemical weathering process, requires a wet climate, turns feldspar into clay and makes saprolite (clay that looks like rock)

A

Hydrolysis

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9
Q

Combines metals with oxygen in air, makes colorful minerals

A

Oxidation

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10
Q

Both water and oxygen combine with iron in rocks to make rust

A

Limonite

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11
Q

Rocks dissolve away completely to make caves

A

Dissolution

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12
Q

Rotting organic matter, provides nutrition for plants

A

Humus

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13
Q

Pure organic layer at the top of soil

A

O-Horizon

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14
Q

Mix of humus, sand, clay and oxides; also known as topsoil

A

A-Horizon

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15
Q

Mix of sand, clay and oxides, also known as subsoil

A

B-Horizon

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16
Q

Weathering rock just starting to break down at the bottom of soil

A

C-Horizon

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17
Q

Individual rocks fall over time to form talus piles

A

Rockfall

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18
Q

Many rocks move downhill as a jumbled mass

A

Rockslide

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19
Q

Rock and soil moves downhill in one intact block

A

Slump

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20
Q

Soil layer slides over rocks very slowly

A

Creep

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21
Q

Rocks and soils move downhill like soft pudding

A

Earthflow

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22
Q

Water mixes with clay to make a slurry that can flow for long distances

A

Mudflow

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23
Q

Internal layers all slant the same way, usually formed by rivers

A

Unidirectional cross-beds

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24
Q

Internal layers slant in different directions, formed by wind or waves

A

Bidirectional cross-beds

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25
Q

Very large layers, formed by desert dunes

A

Meter-scale cross-beds

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26
Q

Thin layers formed by channels or storms

A

Small-scale cross-beds

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27
Q

Formed by waves washing back and forth

A

Symmetrical ripples

28
Q

Formed by water or wind flowing in one direction

A

Asymmetrical ripples

29
Q

Sediment gets smaller from bottom to top, formed when water slows down

A

Graded beds

30
Q

Polygonal cracks, means sediment was wet and dried out

A

Mud-cracks

31
Q

Impressions left by rain or animals, means dry land or shallow water

A

Tracks

32
Q

Rounded pebbles, high energy mountain stream or stormy beach

A

Conglomerate

33
Q

Jagged pebbles, high energy landslides or frozen in moving glaciers

A

Breccia

34
Q

Quartz sand, formed by moderate energy rivers and beaches

A

Sandstone

35
Q

Mud and silt formed by low energy river floodplains, deltas, or in the deep ocean

A

Siltstone and shale

36
Q

Made of sea-shells, forms in warm tropical oceans

A

Limestone

37
Q

Made of trees and plants, forms in warm swamps on land

A

Coal

38
Q

Made of salts like gypsum and halite, forms in hot dry climates

A

Evaporites

39
Q

—->

A

convergent

40
Q
A

divergent

41
Q

—->

A

transform

42
Q

Old ocean crust sinks and melts

Small continents form during this

A

Subduction zone

43
Q

Small ‘scraps’ join to make larger continents

A

Collision

44
Q

Form connecting links between other kinds of plate boundaries

A

Transform Faults

45
Q

Hot mantle plumes, can punch thru the center of a plate, forming a …

A

Hotspot

Hawaii

46
Q

Whats in a Sunny?

A

20 nail clippings
4 son hairs
3 whiskers
In custom cup

47
Q

Thick-light weight rock
cannot be recycled
Old and cold

A

Continental

48
Q

Thin-heavy rock
Can be recycled
Young Hot

A

Oceanic

49
Q

Rocks break down when they are exposed to the weather on Earth’s surface….

A

Weathering

50
Q

What did Lucy do on Face-time today?

A

Needing

51
Q

What does Keek do every morning?

A

Meow for NOMS!!!

52
Q

Dissolves salts that travel until they fall out or precipitate

A

Chemical Sediment

53
Q

Son has…

A

beans

54
Q

Grains of rock and mineral that get carried until they get DEPOSIT

A

Clastic Sediment

55
Q

Keek has what color paw-pads?

A

PINK

56
Q

New minerals drop out of water

Ex. Evaporates (halite, gypsum), chert (pure silica)

A

Direct Chemical Sediment

57
Q

Organisms extract minerals from water to build bones or shells

Ex. Carbonates, chert

A

Biogenic Organic Sediment

58
Q

Rock fragments

A

Gravel

59
Q

Mostly quartz

A

Sand/Silt

60
Q

Formed during weathering

A

Mud/Clay

61
Q

All the grains are the same exact size

A

Well-sorted Sandstone

62
Q

Many different grain sizes are mixing up

A

Poorly-sorted sandstone

63
Q

Layer of sediment forms in a particular environment

A

Bed

64
Q

Other environments make beds that are uniform or

A

Massive

65
Q

Mags likes to follow _____ around. She likes to eat wet ____ with her medicine in it. When Keek visits they are best _______.

A

Momue

food

Friends

GEOS 101 (3 decks)

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