Exam 2: Eating and Feeding Disorders

Question 1

Anorexia Nervosa

Answer 1

Restriction of energy intake relative to needed requirements.
Significantly low body weight relative to age, sex, physical health, dev. trajectory

Features
-Perception distortion of weight and shape
-Use body weight and shape as measure of self-worth
-Extreme intense fear of becoming fat/overweight
-Emaciation
-Amenorrhea- Absence menstruation
-Common presence of anxiety and depression!
-low BP
-denial about being underweight

Question 2

Anorexia Subtypes

Answer 2

1) Restricting– reduced caloric intake and increase in physical activity

2) Binge-eating/Purging

Question 3

Epidemiology and Course of Anorexia Nervosa

Answer 3

-Highest rates in entertainment and sports industry
*Highest mortality rate of all disorders (starvation or suicide)

-Many cross over to Bullemia Nervosa

-Developmental factors like leaving for college, dating, etc. can trigger

-15-19 y/o higher risk group, see increase

Question 4

Personality Traits & Comorbidity of Anorexia Nervosa

Answer 4

-Perfectionism
-Obsessionality
-Neuroticism (hypersensitivity, excessive worry)
-Low self-esteem

Often suffer from anxiety, depression, and other psych disorders

Question 5

Bulimia Nervosa

Answer 5

Recurrent episodes of binge eating and recurrent compensatory behaviors

-Compensatory behaviors– actions used to counteract binge/prevent weight gain

Features
-Recurrent inappropriate compensatory behaviors
-Usually of normal weight or overweight
-Sense of lack of control w/ eating
-At least 1x per week for at least 3 months

Question 6

Bulimia Nervosa Subtypes

Answer 6

1) Non-Purging–> fasting, excessive exercise
2) Purging

Question 7

Epidemiology and Course

Answer 7

Secret engagement in binge eating and compensatory behaviors (cultural b/c stigma)
-More common females
-Late adolescence and early adulthood onset

Question 8

Trait similarities of Bulimia to Anorexia

Answer 8

Perfectionism
Low self-esteem

Question 9

Trait differences between anorexia

Answer 9

Bulimia–> More impulsive, higher novelty-seeking behavior

Anorexia–> More control w/ food intake

Question 10

Personality Traits of Binge-Eating Disorder

Answer 10

-Less research on relationship btw. personality and BED
-Low self-esteem
-Low self-efficacy (control over behaviors)

Question 11

Binge-Eating Disorder (BED)

Answer 11

Recurrent binge eating with no innapropriate compensatory behaviors

-Binge-eating episode–> discrete period where eat amount of food larger than what usually eat

Features
-Bing-eating no comp. behaviors
-Feel unable to control self/amount eat
-May eat even when not hungry or already full
-May eat alone b/c embarrassed about amount eaten
-Binging can be used for emotional comfort

*Most common eating disorder (5-8% obese individuals)

Question 12

Personality Traits & Comorbidity of BED

Answer 12

Similar comorbidities as anorexia/bulimia (impulse control d/o, anxiety/depression, SUD)

Question 13

Pica

Answer 13

Persistent eating of non-nutritive, non-food substances

Often seen in:
-children w/ developmental disabilities
-indiv. w/ intellectual disability
-schizophrenics
-Women and ppl of low SES (more common)

Potential causes: iron and zinc deficiencies, can also be related to stress/poor living environment

Question 14

Rumination Disorder

Answer 14

Spit out food regurgitated, rechewed, swallowed, or spit out
-Prevalent in children
-Cannot be diagnosed with another feeding disorder

-Occurs in both sexes
-Onset infancy, childhood, or adolescence

Question 15

Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID)

Answer 15

Restricted or inadequate eating
-Most common children and adolescents
-In adults, may be related to anxiety

-Not picky eating– show significant impairment in development and functioning and can lead to health complications

Question 16

Developmental Factors of Eating Disorders

Answer 16

Anorexia–> uncommon in childhood
-influenced by caregivers and their body satisfaction
-Anorexia that begins adolescence is associated w/ social, emotional, and psych dysfunction

Bulimia–> rare reports of occurring before puberty
-Early period and existing weight problems increase risk
Risk factors: higher body fat, higher developmental maturity

Question 17

Psych Perspective- Etiology of Eating Disorders

Answer 17

Psychodynamic
-Early years and unconscious play large role development ED

Family Dysfunction:
1) Enmeshment
2) Rigidity
3) Overprotectiveness
4) Poor conflict resolution