Exam 2 Drugs Flashcards
N-acetylcysteine
Mucus removal facilitated by decreasing mucus viscosity, makes mucus thin
Mucolytic
Dornase Alpha
Mucus removal facilitated by decreasing mucus viscosity by degrading DNA or proteins, hydrolyzes extracellular DNA
Mucolytic
Hypertonic saline
Mucus removal facilitated by increased water in mucus which increases mucus volume and is then easier to cough up, promotes fluid flow from epithelium into mucus
Expectorant
Guaifenesin
Irritates gastric mucosa which increases respiratory serous secretions which decreases mucus viscosity
Expectorant
Codeine, Hydrocodone
Act on mu receptors in CNS, may also act on sensory nerve endings to increase cough threshold and depress cough reflex
Antitussive (centrally acting)
Dextromethrophan
Increases cough threshold
Antitussive (centrally acting)
Levopropoxyphene napsylate
Antitussive (centrally acting)
Benzonatate
Decreases sensitivity of cough receptors to stimulants which depresses cough reflex, inhibits pulmonary stretch receptors
Antitussive (peripherally acting)
Menthol
Local anesthetic effect on sensory nerves, numbing cough receptors
Antitussive (peripherally acting)
B2 adrenoceptor agonists
Act on B2 adrenoceptors to relax airway smooth muscle (inhibit mediator release, facilitate mucociliary transport)
Bronchodilator (treat symptoms)
Theophylline, Aminophylline
Act to relax airway smooth muscle, improve respiratory muscle performance, facilitate mucociliary transport, inhibit mediator release
Methylxanthines (bronchodilator)
Ipratropium bromide, Tiotropium, Aclidinium
Act to relax airway smooth muscle by inhibiting parasympathetic induced bronchoconstriction which reverses reflex bronchoconstriction
Muscarinic antagonists (bronchodilator)
Corticosteroids
Regulate gene transcription which increases anti-inflammatory proteins, inhibit release and/or synthesis of proinflammatory mediators from mast cells and leukocytes, blocks NFkB and AP-1
Cromolyn sodium, Nedocromil sodium
Act to stabilize mast cells which decreases mediator release, decreases activation of eosinophils, neutrophils and monocytes, decrease sensory nerve activation
Mast Cell Stabilizers
Corticosteroids (Drug Names)
Beclomethasone Budesonide Ciclesonide Flunisolide Fluticasone Mometasone Prednisolone Triamcinolone acetanide
Roflumilast
Inhibits phosphodiesterase 4 which increases intracellular cAMP which decreases inflammatory mediator release from mast cells and inflammatory cells, decreases bronchoconstriction
Phosphodiesterase inhibitor
Zafirlukast/Montelukast
Acts to inhibit Leukotriene C4/D4 receptros or leukotriene synthesis which decreases bronchoconstriciton, decreases edema, decreases airway reactivity
LTRA
Zileuton
Acts to inhibit 5-lipoxygenase receptors or leukotriene synthesis which decreases bronchoconstriciton, decreases edema, decreases airway reactivity
LTRA
Omalizumab
Acts by binding to the Fc epsilon R-1 portion of circulating antibodies which prevents binding of IgE to mast cells this causes decrease in antigen induced release of inflammatory mediators, decreases asthma and allergy symptoms
Inhibits IgE synthesis which decreases asthma and allergy symptoms
SABA
Albuterol Levalbuterol Metaporterenol Pirbuterol Terbutaline
LABA
Formoterol (12)
Salmeterol (12)
Indacaterol (24)
Olodaterol (24)
SAMA
Ipratropium
Oral Corticosteroids
Methlyprednisolone
Prednisolone
Prednisone
LAMA
Tiotropium (24)
Aclidinium (12)
Umeclidinium (24)
