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Advanced Pharmacology > Exam 2 Drugs > Flashcards

Exam 2 Drugs Flashcards

Drugs

1
Q

Acetylcholine

A

ester of choline
direct cholinomimetic
parasympathomimetic
causes miosis among other cholinergic effects

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2
Q

Methacholine

A

ester of choline
direct cholinomimetic
parasympathomimetic
used to diagnose asthma

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3
Q

Carbachol

A

ester of choline
direct cholinomimetic
parasympathomimetic
treatment of intraocular pressure

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4
Q

Bethanechol

A

ester of choline
direct cholinomimetic
parasympathomimetic
for bladder dysfunction and GERD

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5
Q

Muscarine

A

plant alkaloid
muscarinic
direct cholinomimetic
parasympathomimetic

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6
Q

Pilocarpine

A

plant alkaloid
muscarinic
direct cholinomimetic
parasympathomimetic

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7
Q

Nicotine

A

plant alkaloid
nicotinic
direct cholinomimetic
parasympathomimetic

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8
Q

Arecoline

A

“Betel nut”
plant alkaloid
nicotinic
direct cholinomimetic
parasympathomimetic

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9
Q

Edrophonium

A

indirect cholinomimetic/ parasympathomimetic
blocks acetylcholinesterase
simple alcohol- fast acting
used in the Tensilon test to diagnose MG

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10
Q

Neostigmine/ pyridostigmine

A

indirect cholinomimetic/ parasympathomimetic
blocks acetylcholinesterase
carbamate- moderate acting
treatment of MG and surgical paralysis reversal

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11
Q

Echothiophate

A

indirect cholinomimetic/ parasympathomimetic
blocks acetylcholinesterase
organophosphate- long acting (days)
treatment of glaucoma

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12
Q

Atropine

A

cholinoreceptor blocker
parasympatholytic
antimuscarinic
used for treating organophosphate poisoning with pralidoxime
treats bradycardia

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13
Q

scopolamine

A

cholinoreceptor blocker
parasympatholytic
antimuscarinic
treats motion sickness

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14
Q

tropicamide

A

cholinoreceptor blocker
parasympatholytic
antimuscarinic
causes mydriasis and diagnosis of cycloplegia (paralysis of ciliary muscle)

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15
Q

Ipratropium

A

cholinoreceptor blocker
parasympatholytic
antimuscarinic
treatment of asthma

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16
Q

Succinylcholine

A

antinicotinic
parasympatholytic
NMJ blocker- depolarizing
causes flaccid paralysis

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17
Q

curare derivatives like pancuronium and rocuronium

A

antinicotinic
parasympatholytic
non-depolarizing NMJ blocker
causes flaccid paralysis
reversed by Suggamadex

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18
Q

Epinephrine

A

sympathomimetic
direct agonist
alpha, beta1, beta2
treats hypotension, increases HR and contractility and bronchodilation

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19
Q

norepinephrine

A

sympathomimetic
direct agonist
alpha, beta1
treats hypotension, increases HR and contractility

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20
Q

isoproterenol

A

sympathomimetic
direct agonist
beta1, beta2
increases HR and contractility

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21
Q

dopamine

A

sympathomimetic
direct agonist
DA receptors (1-5), beta1, alpha (triphasic/ dose dependent)
low dose: DA
mod dose: beta1
high dose: alpha1

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22
Q

Dobutamine

A

sympathomimetic
direct agonist
Beta1
increases HR and contractility
used to treat cardiogenic shock

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23
Q

phenylephrine

A

sympathomimetic
direct agonist
alpha1 agonist (specific)
used as a decongestant
not a monoamine so can be absorbed alternate routes to parenterally

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24
Q

midodrine

A

sympathomimetic
direct agonist
alpha1 agonist
treats orthostatic hypotension

25
Q

clonidine

A

sympathomimetic
direct agonist
alpha2 specific
transient increase in BP then decreased BP
Tx: ADHA, Tourette’s, withdrawal symptoms, anxiety, PTSD
can prolong anesthesia effects

26
Q

methyldopa

A

sympathomimetic
direct alpha2 agonist
dose not cross the placental barrier
treatment of pregnancy induced hypertension

27
Q

dexmedetomidine

A

sympathomimetic
direct agonist
alpha2 agonist
anesthesia adjunct to help make patient sleepy

28
Q

ephedrine

A

both direct and indirect
sympathomimetic
direct agonist
used as a decongestant

29
Q

amphetamines

A

indirect sympathomimetics
displaces NE, reverses NET

30
Q

cocaine

A

indirect sympathomimetic
blocks NET

31
Q

phentolamine

A

alpha blocker
sympatholytic
reversible
alpha1 and alpha2 blocking
treatment of hypertension cardiac stimulant

32
Q

prazosin, tamsulosin

A

alpha blocker
sympatholytic
reversible
alpha1 blocking
treatment of hypertension and BPH

33
Q

labetalol

A

alpha and beta blocker
sympatholytic
reversible
used to decrease BP and reduces HR

34
Q

phenoxybenzamine

A

sympatholytic
irreversible alpha blocker
treats pheochromocytoma

35
Q

Propranolol

A

sympatholytic
beta blocker
non-specific (beta1 and beta2)

36
Q

metoprolol, atenolol

A

sympatholytic
beta blocker
beta1 specific
safer for patients with asthma

37
Q

Esmolol

A

sympatholytic
beta blocker
beta1 specific
used as a first line drug to treat surgical tachycardia
fast onset, short-half life

38
Q

hydralazine

A

vasodilator
K+ channel activation
hyperpolarization of smooth muscle

39
Q

Minoxidil

A

vasodilator
K+ channel activation
hyperpolarization of smooth muscle

40
Q

fenoldopam

A

vasodilator
DA1 receptor agonist
increases blood flow to the kidneys

41
Q

sodium nitroprusside

A

parenteral vasodilator
broken down into NO in the blood, increases cGMP
used to treat hypertensive emergencies, acute heart failure
Toxicity: CN- accumulation

42
Q

verapamil

A

vasodilator
calcium channel blocker
cardiac specific
used to treat angina
and arrythmias

43
Q

diltiazem

A

vasodilator
calcium channel blocker
works at the heart and periphery
antiarrythmic

44
Q

nicardipine

A

vasodilator
dihydropyridine
calcium channel blocker
works more in the periphery

45
Q

Captopril

A

vasodilator
ACE inhibitor
treats hypertension

46
Q

Losartan, valsartan

A

vasodilators
angiotensin receptor blockers
treats hypertension

47
Q

Bosentan

A

Endothelin receptor blocker
causes vasodilation
treatment for pulmonary hypertension

48
Q

nitroglycerin

A

nitrate/nitrite
vasodilation of large veins
fast onset, short duration
treatment of angina

49
Q

digoxin

A

cardiac glycoside
used to treat HF
positive inotropic effects
low therapeutic index –> toxic, pro-arrythmogenic

50
Q

Milrinone

A

phosphodiesterase inhibitor (inhibits PDE3)
positive inotropic effects
decreases PVR (reduces afterload and preload)

51
Q

Levosimendan

A

calcium sensitizer
positive inotrope
not available in the US
used in treatment of HF

52
Q

Quinidine

A

class 1A antiarrhythmic
sodium channel blocker
prolongs action potential duration (APD)

53
Q

Procainimide

A

class 1A antiarrhythmic
sodium channel blocker
prolongs action potential duration (APD)
intermediate dissociation

54
Q

Lidocaine

A

class IB antiarrhythmic
sodium channel blocker
shortens APD
low toxicity, fast dissociation

55
Q

flecainide

A

class IC antiarrhythmic
sodium channel blocker
no effect on APD
slow dissociation

56
Q

class II antiarrhythmics

A

beta blockers

57
Q

Amiodarone

A

class III antiarrhythmic
prolongs action potential duration
large Vd, long half-life
high toxicity

58
Q

class IV antiarrhythmics

A

Calcium channel blockers

59
Q

how does adenosine work

A

its an antiarrhythmic
resets the heart by enhanced K+ conductance
short acting

Advanced Pharmacology (3 decks)

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