Exam 2 Definitions

Question 1

Biodiversity

Answer 1

variety of species and life in the world or a particular ecosystem

Question 2

Umbrella species

Answer 2

protected species that indirectly protects the many other species in the habitat

Question 3

Linnean shortfall

Answer 3

discrepancy between formally described species and the number of species that actually exist

Question 4

Ecosystem diversity

Answer 4

variation in ecosystems

Question 5

Instrumental value

Answer 5

value biodiversity has to benefit people

Question 6

Intrinsic value

Answer 6

the value of biodiversity simply because it exists

Question 7

Species richness

Answer 7

number of different kinds of species in the area

Question 8

Species evenness

Answer 8

measure of the relative abundance of each species in an area

Question 9

1900 Lacey Act

Answer 9

prevented poaching over state lines

Question 10

1966 Endangered Species Preservation Act

Answer 10

promoted protection of animal and plant life, but no fines were enforced

Question 11

1969 Endangered Species Conservation Act

Answer 11

list of global endangered species was created, fines and jail time were enforced for people who harmed animals on this list

Question 12

1973 CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species)

Answer 12

global agreement governing trade in species signed by 175 parties

Question 13

1973 Endangered Species Act (ESA)

Answer 13

allows protection for all species and their habitats, gives joint authority to the Fish & Wildlife Service and NOAA

Question 14

Endangered

Answer 14

any species in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range

Question 15

Threatened

Answer 15

any species likely to become endangered in the foreseeable future

Question 16

Critical habitat

Answer 16

specific geographic areas with physical and biological features essential to the conservation of a listed species

Question 17

Listing

Answer 17

identifying species for possible designation as “endangered” or “threatened”

Question 18

Candidate species

Answer 18

species that warrant listing, but are precluded by higher workload priorities are placed on a candidate species list

Question 19

What are passive factors in soil?

Answer 19

parent material, topography, and time

Question 20

What are dynamic factors in soil?

Answer 20

climate, biology, and human activities

Question 21

What are the layers of soil?

Answer 21

O, A, B, C

Question 22

Erosion

Answer 22

detachment, entrainment, transport, and deposition of soil

Question 23

Agriculture

Answer 23

planned growing of crops, organized tending of livestock

Question 24

Shifting cultivation

Answer 24

families move into an area and plant their crops until they’ve used up the land, then moving to new farmland and continuously rotating out usable land

Question 25

Nomadic herding

Answer 25

constantly moving to areas where there is food for livestock

Question 26

Traditional intensive agriculture

Answer 26

selling crops and livestock at local markets

Question 27

Plantation

Answer 27

the corporation-led growth of a monocrop which is often exported

Question 28

Industrialized

Answer 28

big corporations that grow only one crop (monocrop) that often gets exported overseas

Question 29

Norman Bourlog

Answer 29

plant scientist that studied wheat and made a short, sturdy hybrid wheat crop

Question 30

Declining agrobiodiversity

Answer 30

reduced genetic diversity increases risk of blight, pest outbreaks, or other pathogens

Question 31

Food waste

Answer 31

nearly 40% of food produced in the US is wasted